Nigeria

Mortgage Institutions and Sustainable Affordable Housing Delivery in Nigeria: A Comparative Assessment Against Global Best Practices (Published)

Nigeria faces a severe and persistent affordable housing deficit, officially estimated at 14.925 million units as of 2025, exacerbated by low mortgage penetration and systemic inefficiencies within key institutions like the Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria (FMBN) and the Nigeria Mortgage Refinance Company (NMRC). This study examined the effect of targeted mortgage institutional reforms on sustainable affordable housing delivery, benchmarking Nigerian practices against global standards. The primary objective was to assess the impact of regulatory, financial, operational, and risk-management reforms on housing affordability, accessibility, sustainability, and supply. Employing a descriptive survey design, the research targeted a population of 150 mortgage sector stakeholders. A sample of 100 respondents was selected using stratified random sampling, and data were collected via structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Analysis was performed using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) multiple regression. The findings revealed that all four reform dimensions positively influenced sustainable affordable housing delivery. Regulatory reform (β = 0.452, p < 0.001) and financial reform (β = 0.381, p < 0.001) were the strongest and most statistically significant predictors. Operational reform also showed a significant positive effect (β = 0.196, p = 0.014), while risk-management reform had a marginal influence (β = 0.138, p = 0.055). The model explained 58.9% of the variance in the outcome variable (R² = 0.589). In conclusion, integrated institutional reforms are crucial for strengthening Nigeria’s mortgage sector. The study recommends policy harmonization through the full implementation of the Model Mortgage & Foreclosure Law, the development of a secondary mortgage market with government guarantees to enhance liquidity, nationwide digitization of land and mortgage processes, and the adoption of innovative risk-sharing mechanisms to expand access for low- and middle-income households.

Keywords: Affordable Housing, Mortgage Institutions, Nigeria, institutional reforms, secondary mortgage market, sustainable housing delivery

Foreign Exchange Risk Management and Business Performance of Selected Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria (Published)

In Nigeria’s manufacturing sector, the perpetual fluctuations in the naira’s value, combined with the country’s heavy reliance on imported goods such as raw materials, equipment, and technological advancements, have catapulted foreign exchange risk to the forefront of concerns. This research delves into the impact of mitigating foreign exchange risk on the success of a group of Nigerian manufacturing companies, with a particular emphasis on three critical aspects: the effects of exchange rate changes on international transactions, financial statements, and the broader economy. The study’s objective was to uncover how these factors interplay with financial performance, operational efficiency, and competitiveness. To achieve this, the research employed a retrospective design, gathering data from the audited financial statements of 15 manufacturing firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group between 2020 and 2024. Supplemental data was sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria and the National Bureau of Statistics, providing a comprehensive dataset. The analysis utilized panel regression, with the Hausman test serving as a guide to determine the most suitable model. The results revealed a significant correlation between adept foreign exchange risk management and enhanced business outcomes. Notabll, strategic management of transaction and economic exposure yielded substantial benefits for firm performance, whereas managing translation exposure had a pronounced positive effect on operational efficiency. Ultimately, the study affirms that proactive management of foreign exchange risk is pivotal in enabling firms to navigate economic turbulence while maintaining profitability, cost control, and a competitive edge. In light of these findings, the research advises manufacturing companies to establish robust treasury management practices, leverage available risk-mitigation tools, and prioritize accurate exchange rate forecasting to minimize the adverse effects of currency volatility.

Keywords: Business Performance, Manufacturing Companies, Nigeria, Risk Management, economic exposure, foreign exchange risk, hedging, transaction exposure, translation exposure

Inadequate Power Generation and Performance of Power Services Companies in Nigeria (Published)

This study examines the impact of inadequate power generation on the performance of power services companies in Nigeria. Despite extensive reforms in the Nigerian power sector, electricity generation remains insufficient, creating significant operational and financial challenges across the value chain. This study adopts a mixed-method research design, combining quantitative data from structured questionnaires with qualitative insights from industry interviews. Data will be analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including correlation and regression analysis. The findings are expected to reveal a significant relationship between inadequate power generation and the performance of service companies, particularly in terms of revenue stability, contract execution, and operational efficiency. The study contributes to existing literature by focusing on an often-overlooked segment of the power sector and provides recommendations for improving sector performance and sustainability.

Keywords: Nigeria, Performance, Power generation, energy sector., power services companies

Impact of Supply Chain Management on Procurement Performance in Private Universities in Abuja (Published)

This study examined the impact of supply chain management (SCM) on procurement performance in private universities in Abuja, Nigeria. The study focused on five SCM dimensions: Supplier Relationship Management (SRM), Procurement Information Systems (PIS), Inventory Management (IM), Logistics Coordination (LC), and Demand Forecasting and Planning (DFP). A cross-sectional survey design was used, and 150 respondents drawn from procurement, supply chain, stores, finance, and administration departments of four private universities Nile University of Nigeria, Baze University, Afe Babalola University, and African University of Science and Technology (AUST) participated in the study. Stratified random sampling was applied, and data were collected through structured questionnaires and analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression. The findings showed that all five SCM dimensions had significant positive effects on procurement performance, with the model explaining 61.0% of the variance in procurement performance (R² = 0.610, F = 45.044, p < 0.001). PIS recorded the highest standardised beta (β = 0.737), followed by SRM (β = 0.640) and IM (β = 0.496). All four null hypotheses were rejected. The study concluded that SCM practices are critical drivers of procurement performance in private universities and recommended that institutions invest in procurement information systems, formalise supplier relationship management, and strengthen inventory and logistics functions.

 

Keywords: Nigeria, Private Universities, Procurement Performance, Supply chain management, procurement information systems, supplier relationship management

Effect of Healthcare Professionals Emigration On Human Resources for Healthcare Service Delivery in Nigeria (Published)

This study quantitatively examines the effect of healthcare professionals’ emigration on human resources for healthcare service delivery in Nigeria. Situated within the context of a worsening global health workforce crisis and the Nigerian “Japa” syndrome (a mass exodus of highly skilled professionals), this research investigates how the sustained emigration of doctors and nurses compromises domestic service delivery capacity. Driven by systemic push factors such as poor remuneration, inadequate infrastructure, and insecurity, alongside robust pull factors from high-income nations, the continuous loss of medical personnel severely undermines Nigeria’s health system. Employing an ex-post facto research design, the study utilizes secondary time-series data spanning from 2016 to 2026. Institutional proxies, specifically the Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria (MDCN) letters of good standing and the Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria (NMCN) verification requests, were utilized to measure the independent variables (doctor and nurse emigration). The dependent variables, reflecting healthcare service delivery, were operationalized as the doctor-patient ratio (DPR) and nurse-patient ratio (NPR). Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and trend analysis. The findings reveal a progressive annual increase in emigration alongside a corresponding severe deterioration in provider-to-patient ratios. Regression analyses indicate that the emigration of doctors has a significant positive (worsening) effect on the doctor-patient ratio. Similarly, the emigration of nurses exerts a significant positive effect on the nurse-patient ratio. The study concludes that the unmitigated emigration of healthcare professionals is a critical determinant of failing healthcare service delivery in Nigeria, leading to unsustainable workloads, prolonged waiting times, and compromised patient care. To safeguard the health system, the study recommends urgent policy interventions including comprehensive remuneration reviews, infrastructural upgrades, ethical bilateral migration management, implementation of targeted retention schemes, and proactive diaspora engagement.

Keywords: Nigeria, emigration, healthcare professionals, healthcare service delivery

Dividend Policy and Firm Performance of Selected Commercial Banks in Nigeria (Published)

This study examines the empirical impact of dividend policy on the financial performance of listed commercial banks in Nigeria. To address the operational trade-offs between the Signaling and Agency Hypotheses, dividend policy is analyzed through a dual framework: absolute Dividend Per Share (DPS) and relative Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR). Corporate banking performance is concurrently measured via Return on Assets (ROA) for operational asset efficiency and Return on Equity (ROE) for shareholder capital returns. Methodology Research Design: Explanatory, quantitative, ex-post facto panel research design. Data Source & Scope: Secondary data extracted from audited IFRS annual financial statements of thirteen (13) purposively sampled commercial banks listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX) from 2020 to 2024.Sample Size: A balanced panel of 65 unique bank-year observations. Estimation Model: A Hausman-validated Fixed Effects (FE) panel regression framework utilizing Huber-White robust standard errors to control for unobserved bank-specific heterogeneity, heteroskedasticity, and autocorrelation. Key Empirical Findings Dividend Per Share (DPS): Exerts a positive and highly significant impact on both Return on Assets and Return on Equity. This strongly validates Signaling Theory, showing that absolute nominal cash yields are treated by the market as a reliable indicator of underlying balance-sheet resilience and profitability. Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR): Exhibits a negative and statistically significant relationship with Return on Equity, while maintaining a neutral effect on Return on Assets. This negative equity pathway supports the Agency Hypothesis in banking architectures, proving that aggressive relative payout intensities erode a bank’s internal capital base by drawing down retained earnings. Theoretical & Institutional Insights: The findings completely reject the Modigliani-Miller dividend irrelevance hypothesis under localized market conditions characterized by intense information asymmetry. Longitudinal tracking shows that tier-1 institutions (e.g., Zenith, GTCO, and UBA) manage absolute dividend signals effectively while maintaining capital buffers, whereas lower-tier institutions face severe capital preservation constraints. Policy Implications & Recommendations. The study recommends that bank board’s implement strict prudential caps on relative distribution percentages (DPR) to protect retention reserves, while pacing nominal adjustments to absolute dividends (DPS) in strict alignment with realized bottom-line profit growth. Furthermore, these empirical results offer robust justification for the Central Bank of Nigeria’s (CBN) cautious macro-prudential regulations and capital preservation mandates as the banking industry navigates its 2024–2026 recapitalization cycle.

Keywords: Bank Performance, Banking Recapitalization, Dividend Policy, Fixed Effects Model, Nigeria, Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), signaling theory

Exploring the Relative Importance of Knowledge Management Practices in Employee Performance in Brewing Industry in Nigeria (Published)

This study investigated the relative importance of knowledge management practices in employee performance in the brewery industry in Nigeria. The study was based on a survey research design. The population of this study was 273 while the sample size was 162 as determined through Taro Yamane Sample size determination formular. Data analysis was done with multiple regression method. Result of the study showed an R² of 0.790 which implies that about 79% percent of the changes in knowledge management practices of knowledge acquisition, knowledge sharing and Knowledge creation jointly influences about 79% of employee performance in the Brewery Industry in Nigeria. The model also showed significant goodness of fit (p-value <0.05), indicating that these variables when brought together have a linear relationship as stated in the model. The analysis also indicated that in terms of their relative importance of knowledge management practices, knowledge acquisition (Beta = 1.302, t= 3.288 P< 0.05) will have the highest influence on employee performance in the brewery industry in Nigeria; this will be followed by knowledge sharing (Beta = 0.377, t= 2.772 P< 0.05) and the third would be Knowledge creation (Beta = 0.931, t= 2.421 P< 0.05). It was recommended that brewing firms in Nigeria should establish a framework that promotes knowledge acquisition, sharing and creation, which can then be employed to yield benefits for the organization.

Keywords: Employee Performance, Nigeria, brewery industry, knowledge management practices

Destination Brand Visibility and Tourist Intention to Visit: The Mediating Role of Destination Image in Nigeria (Published)

This study examines the relationship between destination brand visibility and tourist intention to visit Nigeria, with a particular focus on the mediating role of destination image. Against the backdrop of increasing global competition among tourism destinations, the study seeks to provide empirical insights into how visibility-driven branding efforts influence tourists’ perceptions and behavioural intentions within an emerging tourism context. Drawing on the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S–O–R) framework, Destination Image Formation Theory, Brand Equity Theory, and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), the study develops and tests a conceptual model linking destination brand visibility, destination image, and tourist intention to visit. A quantitative research approach was adopted using a cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected from 398 valid respondents who were aware of Nigeria as a tourism destination, and the analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results reveal that destination brand visibility has a significant positive effect on both destination image and tourist intention to visit. Destination image was also found to significantly influence tourist intention, confirming its central role in tourism decision-making. Furthermore, mediation analysis indicates that destination image partially mediates the relationship between destination brand visibility and tourist intention, suggesting that the impact of visibility is largely transmitted through tourists’ cognitive and affective evaluations. The findings contribute to tourism literature by extending the destination branding framework to include visibility as a key antecedent and by validating the mediating role of destination image in an African context. Practically, the study highlights the importance of enhancing digital visibility while simultaneously managing destination image to improve tourists’ perceptions and increase visitation intentions. The study concludes that for Nigeria to strengthen its position in the global tourism market, a strategic alignment of visibility and perception management is essential.

Keywords: Nigeria, destination brand visibility, destination image, structural equation modelling, tourism marketing, tourist intention to visit

Human Resource Development and Small and Medium Enterprises Performance: The Contingent Role of Digital Transformation Readiness in South-West Nigeria (Published)

This study investigates the interplay between Human Resource Intellectual Development (HRID) and Digital Transformation Readiness (DTR) in enhancing Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) performance in South-West Nigeria. Employing a quantitative cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 250 SME owners/managers. Hierarchical regression analysis reveals that HRID significantly boosts SME performance (β = 0.352, p < 0.01), while DTR exerts a positive direct effect (β = 0.281, p < 0.01) and moderates the HRID-performance relationship (β = 0.214, p < 0.05). The interaction plot indicates that high DTR amplifies the positive impact of HRID on performance. By integrating Resource-Based View (RBV) and Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) frameworks, this research underscores the synergistic role of human capital development and digital readiness in driving SME competitiveness. The findings offer actionable insights for SME managers and policymakers, highlighting the need to prioritize HRID and DTR initiatives. The study recommends that SMEs owners and managers should strengthen human resource development initiatives by implementing structured training programmes, mentoring schemes, and knowledge-sharing mechanisms.

Keywords: Nigeria, SME Performance, digital transformation readiness, human resource intellectual development, moderation analysis

Government Grants: A Catalyst for Accelerating Women Enterprises Performance in Southwest, Nigeria (Published)

The unimpressive women enterprises performance as a result of inability to access capital from the conventional sources has remained a disquiet for both the governments and people in Southwest, Nigeria. This study examined the effect of government grants in accelerating women enterprises performance in Southwest, Nigeria. Primary data served as the main source of information for this research and based on the sample size of two hundred and sixty-seven women owned enterprises, the study employed mean, standard deviation and regression analysis at a 0.05 level of significance. The result indicated that, there is a significant positive correlation between government grants and performance of women owned enterprises in Southwest, Nigeria. Thus, government must encourage women enterprises by regularly offering grants that will accelerate the performance of their enterprises as well as leading to economic/enterprises growth and poverty reduction in the country.

Keywords: Government Grants, Nigeria, Performance, Southwest, women enterprises