Profitability

The Impact of Credit Risk Management on Commercial Banks Performance in Democratic Republic of the Congo (Published)

The main objective of this study was to find the impact of credit risk management on the financial profitability of the Congo’s commercial banks. The specific objectives were to find the effects of CAR and NPLR considered as independent variables on the performance of commercial banks while the dependent variables were ROE and ROA. We used commercial banks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo as a study population, and as a sample the four largest banks from 2009 to 2016. Using a fixed effects model specification a panel Estimate Generalized Least Squares regression was done on the data using E views software. Adopting a 5% non- directional test of hypothesis, the study found a capital adequacy ratio has statistically significant effect on commercial banks performance in Democratic Republic of Congo. For the second objective which was to determine the relationship between non-performing loans ratio and performance of banks, the study also concluded that NPLR has statistically significant effect on commercial banks. But we have remarked that there is a negative relationship between NPLR and ROE and ROA; and there is a positive relationship between the car and ROE and ROA. The results of the study reveal that banks with high capital adequacy ratios can better advance more loans and absorb credit losses each time they face it, especially in the context of Congolese banks where the uncertainty of reimbursement is high and thus record a better profitability.

Keywords: CAR, Commercial Banks, Credit Risk Management, NPLR, Profitability, ROA, ROE

Industry 4.0 Technology Adoption and Market Scalability of Small and Medium Enterprises in Southwest, Nigeria (Published)

The study examined the relationship between i4.0 technology adoption and market scalability of small and medium enterprises in Southwest, Nigeria. The objectives of the study are to; examine the level of awareness of small and medium entrepreneurs of i4.0 technology in Southwest, Nigeria, evaluate the challenges of adoption of i4.0 technology by small and medium entrepreneurs in Southwest, Nigeria, determine the facilities required for the adoption of i4.0 technology by small and medium entrepreneurs in Southwest, Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive research design of the survey type. Multistage sampling techniques was used to select the samples of one thousand two hundred (1,200) respondents from the owners of MSMEs in Southwest, Nigeria. Structure questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Findings of the study revealed that, majority of the small and medium entrepreneurs do not awareness about i4.0 technology in Southwest, Nigeria, the challenges identified as the problem confronting the adoption of i4.0 technology in Southwest Nigeria, which are lack of expertise about i4.0 technology, financial challenges, unstable power supply. The study concluded that, there is significant relationship between i4.0 technology adoption and number of markets covered by small and medium enterprises in Southwest, Nigeria; Based on the findings of this study, it therefore recommended that, owners of MSMEs in Southwest, Nigeria should embrace the adoption of i4.0 technology to increase their profitability.

Keywords: Industry 4.0, Profitability, Small and Medium Enterprises, Technology, scalability

The Influence of Energy Consumption on Company’s Carbon Emissions; Is GCG Capable of Reducing The Carbon Emissions, Research on State-Owned Enterprises in Indonesia (Published)

The escalating global temperature resulting from climate change demands urgent attention. Carbon gas pollution, a leading contributor to climate change, induces a greenhouse gas effect. This study aims to assess the influence of Energy Consumption on Carbon Emissions generated by companies. Additionally, it explores the relationships between Carbon Emissions and other variables, including Good Corporate Governance (GCG) practices, Profitability, Size, and Debt Ratios of companies, utilizing an analytical framework model for regression analysis. The research relies on data extracted from annual and sustainability reports of 31 State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) in Indonesia spanning the years 2018 to 2022. The findings underscore that GCG Practices, Debt Ratios, Size, and Energy Consumption exert a direct impact on environmental performance. In contrast, Profitability does not demonstrate a direct influence on the magnitude of Carbon Emissions produced. The empirical evidence indicates uncertainty in the results when compared with other studies examining factors influencing company performance.

 

Keywords: Energy consumption, GCG., Leverage, Profitability, Size, carbon emissions

The Determinants of Bank Profitability: Case of Tunisia (Published)

Citation: Mohamed Aymen Ben Moussa, Adel Boubaker and Abdelmonem Naimi (2022) The Determinants of Bank Profitability: Case of Tunisia, International Journal of Business and Management Review, Vol.10, No.1, pp.44-56

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of selected internal and external factors on a bank’s profitability. The research investigates the impact of size; liquidity ; operating costs ; deposits ; credits ; GDP growth and inflation change of the profitability of sample of 11 banks in Tunisia for the period ( 2000…2018). The determinants were used to construct 2 models with ROA and ROE as a proxies and regression analysis using panel approach. It was  found that size ; bank deposit ; operating costs ; liquidity ; economic growth have a significant impact on bank profitability measured by ( ROA and ROE).

Keywords: Bank, Profitability, profitability; ROA; ROE; panel

Financial Risk and Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks Listed in Nigeria (Published)

This study examined the effect of financial risks on performance of Deposit Money Banks DMBs) using the identified explanatory variables of financial risks, viz: Credit risks, Insolvency risks, Liquidity risks and Market risks covering a period of 12 years (2007- 2018).  The methodology of the study makes use of ex-post facto research design. While the population of the study were nineteen deposit money banks, the study sample comprised ten (10) DMBs. The panel regression models estimated using Unobserved Effects Model (UEM), while the result of the Hausman test indicated between fixed effect model and random effect model at 5% inference. The study findings showed that Credit Risk was negative and statistically significant to deposit money banks’ performance [β = – 13.0495; Pval = 0.013]. The result also shows that Liquidity Risk is inversely and insignificantly related to banks’ profitability [β = – 0.156; Pval = 0.6703] and Insolvency Risk (INSRK) have negative signs that are statistically insignificant to banks profitability [β = – 0.016; Pval = 0.745]. Market Risk has insignificant and positive effect on Profitability (NPBIT) [β = 0.038; Pval = 0.5720] at 0.05 level. Also, Credit Risk (CR) was found to be negative and statistically significant at Economic Value Added [β = – 7.0789; Pval = 0.006]. On the contrary, the result also shows that Liquidity Risk (LIQR) [β = 0.0264; Pval = 0.961] and Market Risk [β = 0.0369; Pval = 0.747] have positive signs that are statistically insignificant to Economic Value Added. On its part, Credit Risk (CR) established a negative and significant effect on Return on Assets [β = – 0.9647; Pval = 0.0421]. Liquidity Risk [β = – 0.0018; Pval = 0.8471] and Insolvency Risk [β = 0.0008; Pval = 0.7719] have negative and positive signs that are statistically insignificant to Return on Assets. In relation to the findings of the study, the study recommended amongst others that it is fundamental for DMBs in Nigeria to practice scientific credit risk management, improve their efficacy in credit analysis and loan management to secure as much as possible their assets, and minimize the high incidence of non-performing loans and their negative effects on financial performance

Keywords: Credit risk, Market Risk, Profitability, economic value added, financial risk, insolvency risk

Relationship between Total Quality Management Practices and Profitability: Case of Small Hotel Sector London (UK) (Published)

The rise of competition has inclined various small-scale businesses to incorporate a robust strategy in order to increase profitability. Therefore, in the contemporary enterprise sector, exceptional importance has been given to the concept of Total Quality Management by both local and multinational organisations, considering the associated benefits of continuous improvement, increased efficiency, and the overall efficacy of the organisation. Thus, the main aim of this study is to assess the impact of TQM implementation into small scale hotels in terms of financial growth (profitability); and to develop a comprehensive and feasible quality framework for managers to adopt the best TQM practices that enhance profitability through quality improvement and to achieve expected results. The researcher has applied quantitative method by recruiting 141 participants (managerial level) to achieve the overall aim and objectives of this study, Therefore, survey questionnaires by using Likert scale has been conducted leading towards descriptive, correlation and chi-square analysis of the data collected. The results showed that various TQM practices have positive impact on the profitability of small hotels, such as continuous improvement, quality improvement, role of top management, training and education, employee empowerment and technological innovation, Finally, this research makes an original contribution in the academic and practical field as it enhances the knowledge of TQM among the managers and quality practitioners. Besides presenting some recommendations for small hotels, the study also puts some suggestions for future research in this area with limitations.

Keywords: Customer Satisfaction, Performance, Profitability, Quality Management, Total Quality Management, competitors, critical success factors., small hotels

Corporate Governance and Profitability of Quoted Oil and Gas Companies in Nigeria (Published)

This study investigated the influence of corporate governance on profitability of quoted oil and gas companies in Nigeria. The ex post facto research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study was made up of the twelve (12) oil and gas companies listed on the Nigerian stock exchange between 2010 and 2018. Ten (10) listed oil and gas companies in Nigeria constituted the sample size for this study. Data required for the study were extracted from the audited financial statements of the quoted oil and gas companies that constituted the sample of this study and analysis of data was carried out using descriptive statistics. Multiple regression and correlation statistics were used in testing the hypothesis postulated. The investigation revealed that a significant positive linear relationship exists between corporate governance and profitability of quoted oil and gas companies in Nigeria and that board independence, board size and board meetings accounts for 3.2 percent, 21.9 percent and 2.8 percent respectively of the profitability of quoted oil and gas companies in Nigeria. The results of the study further revealed that audit committee independence, audit committee meetings and audit committee competence accounts for 1.6 percent, 6.8 percent and 14.3 percent respectively of the profitability of quoted oil and gas companies while external auditor independence, shareholders’ involvement and ownership concentration accounts for 1.2 percent, 23.6 percent and 0.2 percent respectively of the profitability of quoted oil and gas companies in Nigeria. Based on the findings of the study, it is concluded that corporate governance has a moderate influence (52.3 percent) on profitability of quoted oil and gas companies in Nigeria. One of the recommendations made was that quoted oil and gas companies in Nigeria should continually appraise their corporate governance system with a view to determine whether the system is functioning as expected so that corrective actions can be taken to address any deficiency in the system and such appraisal should be done annually.

Keywords: Board Of Directors, Corporate Governance, Corporate Governance Mechanisms, Net Profit Margin, Profitability

Dynamic Analysis of Financial Statement Fraud on Profitability of Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria (Published)

The aim of this research study is to assess the impact of financial statement fraud on profitability of selected Nigerian manufacturing firms covering (2002-2016). The specific objectives focused on ascertaining the effect of variables of financial statement fraud on return on assets (ROA). To achieve these objective, descriptive research design was used for the study while secondary data was collected from the financial reports of the selected firms and website of Security and Exchange Commission. The Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used and STATA II econometric method was adopted in the analysis of the data. Beneish model was adopted in the analysis of the financial reports to create a dummy variable for the selected firms from 2002-2016 and validation of the parameters were ascertained using various statistical techniques such as t-test, co-efficient of determination (R²), F-statistics and Wald chi-square. Three hypotheses were formulated and tested using the t-statistics at 5% level of significance. The findings of the analysis revealed that there is a significant relationship between financial statement fraud and profitability in Nigerian manufacturing industry. It was found that increase in fictitious revenue in manufacturing industry would lead to low profitability. The implication of this is that increase in fictitious revenue would lead to decrease in performance. The study therefore recommended that pragmatic policy options need to be taken in the manufacturing industry to effectively manage fictitious revenue, in order to enhance manufacturing industry performance in the country and also financial statement fraud should be adequately inculcated into the internal control system of manufacturing firms for the effective running of the manufacturing industry in Nigeria.

Keywords: Beneish Model, Fictitious Revenue, Financial Statement, Fraud, Profitability

Determinants of Profitability in Commercial Banks Of Indonesia an Empirical Study (Published)

This study aims to determine the factors that affect the profitability of commercial banks in Indonesia. This research is a quantitative research using a sample six largest banks with total assets under ICMD. The banks included in the sample in this study is that Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk., Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk., Bank Central Asia Tbk., Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk., Bank Danamon Indonesia Tbk., and Bank Pan Indonesia Tbk. The research data in the form of panel data obtained from the annual financial statements of the bank. Techniques using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the variables of liquidity of banks, non-performing loans and capital adequacy simultaneously affect the bank’s profitability. The partial effect of liquidity and non-performing loans significantly influence the profitability of banks. While the capital adequacy ratio of no significant impact on the profitability of commercial banks in Indonesia

Keywords: Liquidity, NPL, Profitability, capital adequacy

Working Capital Management Antecedents Impact on Firm Specific Factors: A Ten Year Review of Karachi Stock Exchange (Published)

The study aims of investigate relationship of working capital antecedents and profitability of the company. Seven variables are taken as proxy variable to measure working capital and its management. Population of the study is based on Karachi stock exchange listed companies. The sample of study is manufacturing sector of Pakistan. Thus, sample period contains on the ten years from (2005-2014). All variables have sound reliability and data is normally distributed. Therefore, correlation and regression analyses are applied. Hence, study revealed significant relationship of working capital management and profitability.

Keywords: Correlation, Normality, Normally Distributed, Profitability, Regression, Sample Period, Working capital.