Nigeria

Environmental Sanitation Management in Nigeria: An Overview of Its Challenges and Prospect (Published)

Environmental Sanitation and Waste Management in Nigeria have become a major issue to be tackled by the government at all levels. Various laws dealing with environmental issues have been enacted over the years by both Federal, State and Local governments, yet the problem of environmental sanitation and waste management persists. There has been established various departments and bodies in a bid to realize the environmental policy of the Nigerian State. Amongst these bodies is the judiciary whose duty it is to interpret and give life to the various environmental legislations even as it grapples with its own challenges. The aim of this article is to examine the legal issues in environmental sanitation and waste management in Nigeria and the challenges of environmental Courts. To achieve this aim the article adopted the doctrinal method, which comprises of primary and secondary sources of law. In the course of the article it was found that lack of public awareness in the law making process, ineffective enforcement of the law by government agencies, inadequate punishment/penalties for environmental offences/offenders, lack of the culture of environmental responsibilities among the citizens, inadequate waste management infrastructure and services, undue adherence to legalism by the Courts, and lack of expertise by those who handle environmental cases are some of the legal issues militating against environmental sanitation and waste management in Nigeria. In view of these observations recommendations that there should be an environmental education to create public awareness on the benefits of environmental sanitation, involvement of the public in formulation of environmental policies, the amendment of the constitution to introduce the setting up of specialised environmental Court, review of environmental punishment for offenders and capacity building for the judicial officers and need for the introduction of environmental procedure rules for the use of the Court. The article also recommends the introduction of cleanliness competition among towns and the provision of incinerators.

Keywords: Challenges, Management, Nigeria, Prospect, environmental sanitation

Government Expenditure on Education and Battle Related Deaths in Nigeria (Published)

This study examines the relationship between government expenditure on education and the incidence of battle-related deaths in Nigeria, spanning the years 2000 to 2022. The primary aim is to explore how spending on education influences the number of deaths resulting from conflicts and violence within the country. The study adopts an ex-post facto research design, with secondary data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin and the World Development Indicators. Correlation models are employed to test the hypotheses. The results reveal a significant positive relationship between government expenditure on education and the occurrence of battle-related deaths in Nigeria. This suggests that, while education spending is typically viewed as a tool for fostering development and peace, it may inadvertently contribute to conflict dynamics due to unequal access to education or other socio-political factors. The study recommends that the government should focus on improving the quality and accessibility of education to address underlying grievances that may lead to violence. It also highlights the need for investment in education programs that foster critical thinking, tolerance, and conflict resolution skills to mitigate the risk of conflicts and reduce the incidence of battle-related deaths.

Keywords: Conflict, Conflict Resolution, Education, Government Expenditure, Inequality, Nigeria, battle-related deaths, public spending, socio-political factors, violence

Foreign Direct Investment Inflows And Sustainable Development Goal One (Published)

This study examines the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on poverty reduction in Nigeria, with a focus on achieving Sustainable Development Goal One (SDG 1), covering the period from 1985 to 2023. The country still stands as one of the poorest in the world despite foreign financial inflows, FDI inclusive, and a large number of people who live in extreme poverty. The study examines the long-term connection between FDI and the poverty headcount ratio taking into account other external financial inflows such as remittances, foreign portfolio investment, and official development assistance. The study, using econometric analysis, demonstrates that while FDI shows a statistically non-significant positive impact on the poverty headcount ratio, it may contribute to poverty reduction using employment creation and economic growth. The research additionally brings out the fact that government regulation comes into play in attracting FDI that is geared specifically towards poverty alleviation. The suggestions for boosting the efficiency of FDI include creating a stable economic environment, developing infrastructure, offering the right incentives, and building partnerships with foreign investors. The data obtained can be used by decision-makers in Nigeria as well as other developing countries that wish to exploit foreign investments for sustainable poverty reduction to the extent that LDCs will.

Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Nigeria, Official Development Assistance, Poverty Reduction, Remittances, econometric analysis, economic growth, foreign portfolio investment, policy recommendations, sustainable development goal 1

Official Development Assistance and Government Capital Expenditure in Nigeria (Published)

This study examined the effect of Official Development Assistance (ODA) on government capital expenditure in Nigeria from 1990 to 2023. Using time series data and regression analysis, the findings revealed that ODA did not have a significant impact on government capital expenditure. This suggests that foreign aid was not effectively utilized in funding infrastructure projects. The study also found that while Gross Domestic Product (GDP) had a positive and significant effect, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) had a negative impact. These results align with previous research indicating that the effectiveness of ODA depends on institutional factors and economic conditions. Based on these findings, the study recommended improved management of foreign aid, better coordination with donors, and the exploration of alternative funding sources such as public-private partnerships (PPPs). These steps could enhance the effective utilization of external financial inflows for infrastructure development in Nigeria

Keywords: 1990–2023, Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product, Nigeria, Official Development Assistance, external financial inflows, government capital expenditure

Firm Financial Indicators and Profitability of Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria (Published)

This study examines the determinants of profitability in Nigerian manufacturing firms, focusing on internal financial indicators. Despite their importance, these firms face financial challenges leading to market exits. The study assesses the effect of key financial indicators on profitability, proxied by profit for the year, with independent variables including liquidity, leverage, firm size, and sales growth. A sample of 16 manufacturing firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group was selected using judgmental sampling. Secondary data from 2013 – 2023 financial reports were analyzed using Panel Least Squares regression and the Granger Causality Test in EViews 11.0. Findings reveal that liquidity and firm size significantly enhance profitability, while leverage and sales growth show positive but insignificant relationships. The adjusted R² of 0.534 indicates that 53.4% of profitability variations are explained by the model. The study highlights theoretical, managerial, and policy implications, recommending strategic liquidity management, balanced capital structures, optimal firm size, and refined sales strategies to enhance profitability

Keywords: Financial indicators, Liquidity Management, Manufacturing Firms, Nigeria, Profitability, cost structure

A Conceptual Framework of Predictors of Electronic Wastes Disposal Behaviour Among Youths in South-South, Nigeria: The Moderating Effect of Education (Published)

This study investigates the predictors of electronic trash (e-waste) disposal behavior among youths in South-South Nigeria, with a particular emphasis on the moderating role of education. E-waste, which includes obsolete electrical and electronic gadgets, has grown exponentially internationally as a result of rapid technological advancements and the obsolescence of older devices. Developing countries, especially Nigeria, confront substantial environmental and socioeconomic issues as a result of poor e-waste disposal methods that contribute to air pollution, water contamination, and other environmental risks. Despite extensive research on pro-environmental behavior and e-waste disposal in advanced nations, the applicability of these findings to developing economies is questionable due to contextual differences. This study fills this gap by identifying major predictors of e-waste disposal behavior among Nigerian young people, stressing the importance of education as a moderator, and providing a conceptual framework appropriate for a typical developing economy with high informality. The study emphasizes the importance of education in increasing environmental awareness, attitudes, and pro-environmental behaviors. Drawing on existing literature, it demonstrates how education promotes responsible waste management practices, minimizing the negative effects of e-waste. Furthermore, the study adds to the discussion about sustainability by presenting a conceptual framework geared to a developing economy environment. This framework is intended to help policymakers and stakeholders plan effective initiatives targeted at encouraging ethical and sustainable e-waste disposal behaviors among young adults in Nigeria.

Keywords: Developing Economy, Education, Nigeria, Sustainability, Youths, disposal behavior, e-waste

A Critical Analysis of Modern Educational Research and Teaching Strategies in Nigerian Educational System (Published)

The study critically analysed modern educational research and teaching strategies in Nigerian educational system. Technology has certainly changed the way we live. It has impacted different facets of life and redefined living. Undoubtedly, technology plays an important role in every sphere of life. Also, many complex and critical processes can be carried out with ease and greater efficiency with the help of modern technology. However, the teachers are afraid of technological advancement as they need to keep upgrading. Whereas, the learners/students are conversant with the latest technology and can easily cross check whatever that is taught in the class at an instance. Teachers using analog methods to teach modern students create discouragement for learning. More so, because of the emergent in modern educational research there is a shift from teacher-centered to student-centered approach as a result prioritize student engagement, creativity and critical thinking, preparing students for the future. It therefore concluded that as a medium for massive change, technology has improved our existing understanding by assisting educators and students in making the most use of cutting-edge teaching techniques.

Keywords: Educational System, Nigeria, modern educational research, teaching strategies

Global Supply Chain Management and The Performance of Multi-National Companies in Rivers State of Nigeria (Published)

This study examined the relationship between global supply chain management and the performance of multi-national companies in rivers state of Nigeria. This study adopted a correlational research design. The population of the study consisted of 10 multinational companies operating in Rivers State as retrieved from Nigerian business directory search engine. The study adopted a census study, 3 respondents were selected from each firm multiplied by 10 firms give us a total of 30 respondents. Structured questionnaire instrument title” Global supply chain management and performance questionnaire was developed on five point likert scale. The result of the Cronbach’s Alpha reliability test indicates .800 which is above .70 which implies that the items are reliable. Pearson product moment correlation was used to test the hypotheses using SPSS (statistical package social sciences). The study revealed that there is a significance relationship between global sourcing and profitability of multi-national companies in Rivers State of Nigeria. There is a significance relationship between outsourcing and operational7process efficiency of multi-national companies in Rivers State of Nigeria. There is a significance relationship between global production and distribution and customer satisfaction of multi-national companies in Rivers State of Nigeria. In conclusion, global supply chain management is a critical aspect of business operations for multi-national companies in Rivers State of Nigeria. By investing in infrastructure, building strong relationships with local partners, implementing effective communication and coordination processes, and utilizing technology, MNCs can improve the performance of their supply chains and gain a competitive advantage in the region. The study recommended that MNCs should consider investing in the development of infrastructure in Rivers State, including transportation and logistics systems, to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their supply chains.

Keywords: Nigeria, Performance, global supply chain management, multi-national companies Rivers state

The Moderating Effect of Income on the Predictors of Cassava Farmers’ Adoption of Agricultural Technology in Nigeria: A Conceptual Framework (Published)

This study endeavors to construct a comprehensive conceptual framework elucidating the moderating influence of income on factors influencing the adoption of agricultural technology among cassava farmers in Nigeria. Agricultural technology, herein, refers to the innovative utilization of emerging Information and Communication Technologies tailored for agricultural applications within remote environments. The agricultural sector holds paramount significance within the Nigerian economy, engaging nearly 70% of the labor force and contributing over 40% to the gross domestic product. The adoption of technology in agriculture signifies potential enhancements in income, poverty alleviation, improved national nutrition and health, reduced food prices, and employment opportunities. However, the income of cassava farmers plays a pivotal role in ensuring their sustainability. Regrettably, their income streams are often unstable due to fluctuations in market prices, adversely impacting their ability to finance the adoption of technology to bolster productivity. Therefore, this research aims to develop a robust conceptual framework delineating the moderating role of income on the determinants of agricultural technology adoption behavior, particularly pertinent within the Nigerian context. It is imperative to tailor conceptual frameworks specifically for Nigeria, given that frameworks derived from other regions may not be directly applicable to the unique challenges and dynamics of the Nigerian agricultural landscape.

Keywords: Income, Nigeria, agricultural technology adoption, cassava farmers, conceptual framework, moderation effect

Cash Flow Ratios and Business Failure of Healthcare Firms in Nigeria (Published)

The study examined cash flow ratios as predictors of business failure of healthcare firms in Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to ascertain the effect of operating cash flow ratio, cash flow to debt ratio, and price to cash flow ratio on Altman’s zeta score of healthcare firms in Nigeria. The study adopted ex-post-facto research design, covering a period of 10 years (from 2013 to 2022). Secondary data used for the study were extracted from annual reports and accounts of selected healthcare firms listed on the Nigeria Exchange Group (NGX) from 2013 to 2022. Multiple regression technique was used to test the hypotheses. The result of the test of hypotheses revealed that the operating cash flow ratio has a statistically non-significant negative effect on the Altman z-score of healthcare firms in Nigeria (p-value = 0.3397). The finding also indicates that the cash flow to debt ratio has a statistically non-significant negative effect on the Altman z-score of healthcare firms in Nigeria (p-value = 0.2937). Lastly, the finding reveals that the price to cash flow ratio has a non-significant positive effect on the Altman z-score of healthcare firms in Nigeria (p-value = 0.5281). The policy implications of these findings suggest that when assessing the financial health and bankruptcy risk of healthcare firms in Nigeria, policymakers and regulators should consider factors beyond cash flow ratios. It was recommended therefore that healthcare firms in Nigeria should diversify their sources of cash flow beyond operating cash flow to improve financial stability and mitigate bankruptcy risk. Healthcare firms should have a careful evaluation of debt management practices is necessary to maintain a healthy balance between cash flow generation and debt obligations in healthcare firms. Market sentiment reflected in the price to cash flow ratio should not be relied upon as the sole indicator of financial stability. Healthcare firms should prioritize fundamental financial and operational indicators to assess their financial health and mitigate bankruptcy risk.

 

Keywords: Altman’s zeta score, Nigeria, business failure, cash flow ratios, cash flow to debt ratio, healthcare firms, operating cash flow ratio, price to cash flow ratio