Women

Assessment of the Constraints to Women Education and Its Implications on Their Participation in Politics in North Western Nigeria (Published)

Women constitute a larger percentage of the illiterate group in n Nigeria. This could be attributed to the fact that in most families, parents prefer to send their sons to school, instead of their Daughters whom they feel would eventually get married and thus get incorporated into another family and by implication a larger percentage of the girls remain uneducated and unexposed. Girl-child access to basic education, especially in northern states, has remained low. The importance of women education in enhancing the education of their children is succinctly put in the old adage which states that ’’to educate a man is to educate a person, but to educate a woman is to educate a nation’’ The participation of women in politics may influence equalization of educational opportunities, quotas for female participation in governing bodies, legislative reform to increase focus on issues concerning women and children, financing gender-responsive budgets to equally take into account the needs of men and women,. Therefore there is need to analyses constraints affecting women participation in politics and their consequences in retarding development of women education.This paper therefore is to appraise some constraints to women education and implications to their  political power play in North West Nigeria. In doing this, the paper discusses how women had fared in the traditional societies for educational struggle and how that had helped in the definition of their political status. The paper also attempts a historical overview of the participation of women in the political arrangement in North West Nigeria. It tries to probe into the political future of women in the country to determine whether there are opportunities for improvement or not. The paper finds a great deal of role stereotype against women by tradition and absence of practical steps taken by both political parties and government towards political achievements. It opines that more women should be given opportunities for education for participation in the politics of the country. This can be achieved through laws that are deliberately aimed at removing the barriers against women and genuine practical approaches.

Keywords: Assessment, Constraints, Education, Political Participation, Politics, Women

Forms and Causes of Violence Women Perpetrate Against Themselves in Winneba in the Effutu Municipality of Ghana (Published)

This study sought to examine violence against women in Winneba in the Effutu Municipality, Ghana, with the focus on females being victims as well as perpetrators of violence. The study ascertained the forms and causative factors of violence against women. The ecological model and the social learning theory were adopted for the study. Qualitative research approach was employed with a focus on phenomenological research design for the study. A total of seventeen (17) participants constituted the sample size. The participants were selected using purposive and snowballing sampling techniques. Semi-structured interview guide was used to obtain the data. The study revealed that unequal power relations, suspicion of adultery, being a victim of violence during childhood, are the reasons why women employ various forms of violence against women in Winneba while poverty and single parenting made other women sufferers of such violence. Based on these findings, the study recommended that stakeholders such as Domestic Violence Victim Support Unit (DOVVSU), Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection and Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice (CHRAJ) should formulate policies and organise programmes that can address risk factors associated with violence at domestic, community and societal levels. Religious groups and non-governmental organisations in Winneba in the Effutu Municipality should organise women empowerment programmes with the intention of reducing women’s dependency on other people which will at the long run reduce violence against women.

Citation: Roberta Mbiri and  Lucy Effeh Attom (2021) Forms and Causes of Violence Women Perpetrate Against Themselves in Winneba in the Effutu Municipality of Ghana, Global Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, Vol.9, No.10, pp.35-62

Keywords: Causes, Effutu municipality, Forms, Ghana, Violence, Women, perpetrators

Female Identity Reconstruction in Saudi Arabia (Published)

Saudi Arabia is experiencing an era of unprecedented socio-cultural reforms, one of which is the empowerment of women. The Saudi Vision 2030 aim to provide equal opportunity to both genders has necessitated intervention to reformulate the social identity of women, which has long been thought to be subject to the socio-religious domination of men. The descriptive discursive approach of this paper aims to briefly highlight attempts upheld by the Saudi Arabian government to combat the inferior social image of women, and the steps advocated to reconstruct it. Analysis of real-life data has revealed that officials have used the media and the education system to advance their ideology among the wider population.

 

Keywords: Gender, Identity, Men, Women, education media

Perceptions, Challenges and Coping Strategies of Women in Political Leadership Positions (Published)

This study examined the experiences of females in political leadership positions in the Sunyani West District. Qualitative approach was adopted with a case study design to explore the experiences of the women leaders. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to select 14 participants comprising eight (8) political party executives, four (4) Assembly women and two (2) women who were parliamentary candidates. The data were collected using interview and analysed through thematic procedure. The findings indicated that females in political leadership positions perceive leadership in three different ways as task-oriented, goal-oriented and people-oriented. Whatever way they perceived political leadership; they faced several challenges related to their personal lives, family and community. However, the main challenge facing females in political leadership positions in Sunyani West District is misconceptions about their capabilities as females. Females in political leadership positions cope with their challenges through self-motivation, creation of cordial relationship with male chauvinists and concentration on their potentials. The study recommended that female political leaders should focus on their output and achievements to show their capabilities in contributing meaningfully to society. There is an urgent need for opinion leaders such as chiefs, queen mothers, district chief executives and the public in general to discourage the unfair, unjust and unequal treatment sometimes meted out to women who occupy political leadership positions.

Keywords: Challenges, Coping Strategies, Ghana, Leadership, Political Leadership, Politics, Women

The Meaning of Women in Online Indonesia Dictionary: The Identity of Women and Informational Society (Published)

The On-line Indonesian Dictionary is a dictionary used as a reference to the meaning of words. References to the meaning of women form identity in the informational society. Women use information media in forming their identities, so the words described in the sentence have references that are acknowledged as references that can be accounted for. But what happens when women are defined as someone who reflects an individual who is normatively included in the category of bad and contemptible behavior. Paradis in the on-line language dictionary is a form of system representation in shaping women’s construction in social practice. Research by using women as actors involved in the inclusion of the meaning of defines the Indonesian language dictionary on-line states strongly disagree over the treatment obtained himself. Meaning of the word woman in Indonesian on-line dictionary greatly influence woman in determining the identity of woman. Informational societies require several references which in the identification of its identity include in this case an on-line dictionary. They realize that women need supportive conditions for a system that is solid in representing women to be equal and worth the men. In order for this on-line language dictionary not to be a reference that places women in a subordinated order in society then this dictionary should be redefined in accordance with the wishes of Indonesian women.    

Keywords: Identity of Women and Informational Society., Indonesian On-line Dictionary, Women

Women and Economic Development in Ehugbo Society, 1900-1960 (Published)

The role of women in the economy of Ehugbo during the colonial period has remained largely understudied by historians. This is in spite of the fact that both in terms of their numerical strength and economic importance, women’s role in Ehugbo deserves attention. This paper argued   that through their collective and individual activities, the women-folk, both as mothers, farmers, traders and producers, wielded enough economic power to contribute significantly to community, state and international development. They were responsive and receptive to economic opportunities and innovations. This did not obfuscate the fact that during the colonial period, the people’s efforts and resources were not used for the development of their area but were rather exported to the metropolitan country. Also since it was reasoned that a woman’s place in the society was the home, the colonial government never thought in terms of encouraging the women in develop their potentials through its administrative and economic policies neither was it deemed expedient by the colonial government to integrate the women into the development process of the colonized areas. It is argued that in their various endeavours, women demonstrated remarkable creativity, ingenuity and entrepreneurship, which enabled them to face the challenges of the period. With their economic power, the women were well placed to actively participate in the development of the area.

Keywords: Economic Development, Economic Structure, Local Instructress, Women

Revolutionizing the Body: Eros and Demos in Post-Arab Spring Women Writings (Published)

The successful political revolutionary transformations fulfilled by the Arab Spring of 2010-11, acted as a catalyst for synchronous cultural, social and sexual changes. The ‘double revolution’ heralded the emergence of the new woman, transitioning from the docile and conservative, into a concupiscent hermaphroditic rebel, who dares to demand her sexual rights and freedom, challenge the existing norms and disclose her sexual trauma, pleasures, and desires. The body is ‘revolutionized’ and instrumentalized to resist marginalization and to propound bodily and sexual rights. There is an attempt to establish a relation between the historical events and their literary portrayal. The gender perspective of the Arab Spring is analyzed through examples of Arab women artists, whose works in literature, graffiti, blogs or social media, reflect the changes in the ‘Spring’ woman’s character, thought, and conceptualization of sex. Their opus epitomizes the new feminine subjectivities created through the intersection of gender, class, and nation.

Keywords: Arab Spring, Body, Freedom, Gender, Revolutions, Rights, Women, sex

Economics of Domestic Violence against Women: The Nigerian Evidence (Published)

Domestic violence essentially denies women’s equality before the law and reinforces their subordinate social status. The fight against domestic violence against women has existed for centuries yet persists all over the world. This study therefore investigates domestic violence against women as a form of poverty and uses the principal component analysis and the Foster Greer and Theorberke (FGT) decomposition methods to analyse this. The study further uses bar charts to show the perception of Nigerians towards domestic violence and relates it to different poverty levels. The findings suggest that the Southern regions are more involved in domestic violence than the Northern region of Nigeria. Also when examined across poverty levels, the results shows that the poorer an individual is in Nigeria, the more likely he is to think that it is justified if he beats the wife for one reason or another. The study therefore recommends more sensitization campaigns to target the poor

Keywords: Domestic Violence, Nigeria, Poverty, Women

Beyond The Kitchen: Towards a Biographical Encyclopedia of Excellent Women of The Ijaw Ethnic Nationality (Published)

This paper is predicated on the need to regenerate the debate on how much and how well or otherwise, women have been celebrated in Nigeria in general and in the Ijaw Ethnic Nation in particular. In the prefatory statement of the book “Women in Nigerian History: The Rivers and Bayelsa Experience,” Ejituwu and Gabriel (2003), posited that the book is a theme in feminism and derives from the fact that, although women contribute immensely to the development of the Nigerian society, their contributions are hardly ever reflected in historical literature

Keywords: Biographical Encyclopedia, Ijaw Ethnic Nationality, Women

The Extent to Which the Lives of Women in Conflict Prone Areas Have Been Affected: A Case of West and North Pokot Sub Counties, Kenya (Published)

War affects women and men differently. Whenever there is a conflict, women and children are the most that are hard hit. This paper focuses on the extent to which women in West and North Pokot have been affected by conflicts. The study was carried out in Kanyarkwat location, Katikatmor sub-location and Kopulio location, Nakuyen sub location of West and North Pokot respectively. A survey research design was used, where questionnaires and interviews were the major data collection tools. Observation was used, to provide information and observe actual behavior of the respondents. The findings reveal that women are largely affected by conflicts reporting displacement, sicknesses due to lack of hygiene, losses of family members and property, poverty, lack of schools and lack of medical facilities as being prevalent. Women end up living in a state of hopelessness and helplessness because of conflict related issues. Peace building capacities should be advocated for, with women being fully involved. The government and other stake holders should look for ways of alleviating the illiteracy rate in such areas and create awareness on the importance of peace building campaigns

Keywords: Affected, Conflict, Effects, North Pokot., West Pokot, Women