Terrorism and Global Security: A Study of Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) (Published)
This paper attempts to examine terrorism as a threat to global security with a particular focus on the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). The ISIS was able to escalate the use of terrorism to a level beyond other terrorist groups in threatening global security. Their use of extreme violent tactics like beheadings, crucifixion and burning alive of their victims under their self-declared caliphate shocked the whole world and prompted them to rise in unison to curtail their reign of terror that spanned territories in Iraq and Syria. Terrorism has become a political weapon in the arsenal of the terrorists in terrorizing political opponents, causing fear and thereby threatening global peace and security. Status quo actors such as states often tend to abuse the term to define its actions and interests in opposition to those of the terrorists. The causes espoused by groups resorting to terrorism are varied which include ethno-nationatism and separation, left-wing revolution, religious or right-wing extremism etc. The frustration-aggression theory was used as a framework to explain these variables. The paper recommended among other options, the use of credible and actionable intelligence with military option to dismantle ISIS on a permanent basis. It concluded that until religion ceases to be a strong motivation for violence against others, terrorism will continue to pose a threat to global peace and security.
Keywords: Global Security, ISIS, Terrorism, Violence, threat
Forms and Causes of Violence Women Perpetrate Against Themselves in Winneba in the Effutu Municipality of Ghana (Published)
This study sought to examine violence against women in Winneba in the Effutu Municipality, Ghana, with the focus on females being victims as well as perpetrators of violence. The study ascertained the forms and causative factors of violence against women. The ecological model and the social learning theory were adopted for the study. Qualitative research approach was employed with a focus on phenomenological research design for the study. A total of seventeen (17) participants constituted the sample size. The participants were selected using purposive and snowballing sampling techniques. Semi-structured interview guide was used to obtain the data. The study revealed that unequal power relations, suspicion of adultery, being a victim of violence during childhood, are the reasons why women employ various forms of violence against women in Winneba while poverty and single parenting made other women sufferers of such violence. Based on these findings, the study recommended that stakeholders such as Domestic Violence Victim Support Unit (DOVVSU), Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection and Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice (CHRAJ) should formulate policies and organise programmes that can address risk factors associated with violence at domestic, community and societal levels. Religious groups and non-governmental organisations in Winneba in the Effutu Municipality should organise women empowerment programmes with the intention of reducing women’s dependency on other people which will at the long run reduce violence against women.
Citation: Roberta Mbiri and Lucy Effeh Attom (2021) Forms and Causes of Violence Women Perpetrate Against Themselves in Winneba in the Effutu Municipality of Ghana, Global Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, Vol.9, No.10, pp.35-62
Keywords: Causes, Effutu municipality, Forms, Ghana, Violence, Women, perpetrators
Frantz Fanon’s Justifications to Violence as discussed in The Wretched of the Earth (Published)
This study is mainly devoted to approaching Frantz Fanon’s influential text, The Wretched of the Earth, to explain how it is considered as a foremost representative of the post-colonial texts. This study concentrates on Fanon’s consideration of the role of violence as an inevitable means of resistance in the colonial context. For Fanon, the colonized people’s use of violence is a natural reaction to the colonizer’s violence, and it is the most effective strategy of resistance that compels the colonial authority to negotiate and give the chance to the colonized to speak. This study highlights Fanon’s call for organizing and teaching the spontaneous sectors of the resisting people to bring the people’s struggle to success.
Citation: Abdelnaeim Ibrahim Awad Elaref and Abdalatif Mamoun Hassan (2021) Frantz Fanon’s Justifications to Violence as discussed in The Wretched of the Earth, Global Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, Vol.9, No.9, pp.12-20
Keywords: Colonizer; Colonized, Resistance, Violence, colonial context, native
Insurgency, Armed Herdsmen and Instability in Nigeria: A Search for the Way Forward (Published)
The history of modern Nigerian State between 1960 and 2020 is characterized by violent and bloody conflicts such as the political crisis of the First Republic, the Nigerian civil war, the ethno-religious violence of the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, the Niger-Delta crisis, the Boko-Haram insurgency and the armed herdsmen menace. All these antecedents have tremendous adverse effects on the nation’s social, political and economic development with attendant consequences and costs on the art of governance in the nation and on other African countries. It is against the aforementioned concerns that this article isolates and examines the consequences of the activities of Boko-Haram insurgency and armed herdsmen, not only particularly in North-Eastern and Northern region of Nigeria, but the whole country at large. The paper adopts a multi-disciplinary approach and analyzes the effects of the two phenomena on the Nigerian people and government. The paper establishes the fact that Boko-Haram insurgency and armed herdsmen attacks in North-Eastern region of Nigeria have led to social, political and economic instability, not only on the Northern region, but Nigeria as a whole. The paper concludes by suggesting among many ways, a robust security network to completely neutralize the activities of the two groups in North-Eastern Nigeria.
Keywords: Boko Haram, Instability, Insurgency, Violence, armed herdsmen
GENDER DISCRIMINATION AGAINST PAKISTANI WOMEN IN “BOL”; A STUDY OF CLASH BETWEEN CULTURE AND RELIGION. (Published)
This paper aims to study the issue of gender discrimination against Pakistani women presented in a film Bol directed by Mansoor. Feminist theory is used as major theoretical framework for the present research. The discourse is analyzed through qualitative method and descriptive analysis. Kristeva’s feministic assumptions regarding ‘Gender Discrimination’ are implied in theoretical background. Her notion of abjection as an explanation for oppression and discrimination helps to shed light on the oppression and subordination of women and man chauvinism which is strictly prohibited in Islam. Moreover this paper will discuss about the psychological and sexual violence.
Keywords: Discrimination, Feminism, Islam, Violence, oppression.
READING YOUTH-: VIOLENCE AND IDEOLOGICAL PROPAGANDA IN SELECTED SOUTHERN NIGERIAN PLAYS (Published)
The media’s capacity to manipulate information and create stereotypes can negatively affect young audiences who emulate its aggressive behavioral models. The rate of violence and aggression among Niger Delta youths, who form the core of the militant resistance in the area, can be attributed to the influence of socio-cultural factors of corruption, cultural ideologies and narrative myths created by the media. This essay examines the manner certain plays written by Southern Nigerian playwrights serve as media extensions by acting as if they are creative depictions of the marginalized Delta youth’s social reality while in actuality these works mediate personal objectives that further engender youth violence. The work analyzes the generative ability of the narrative as an action creating new identities and stereotypes. Youth violence, while being anti-social in nature, appears justified in the reference plays which have psychotic young heroes that glamorize violent agitation as an existentialist strategy. The essay surmises that propagandist literature can become operational when the author deliberately gives prominence to certain details while relegating other necessary facts that shape perception and identity
Keywords: Militancy, Niger-Delta, Priming, Propaganda, Violence, Youth