Internal Audit and Corporate Governance Effectiveness in Universities in Rivers State (Published)
The increasing demand for internal auditing and the expanded scope of work of the internal audit function places a lot of responsibilities on the internal auditor. The main objective of this study was to establish the nature of the relationship between internal audit and corporate governance in universities in Rivers State. The survey research design was adopted for this study. The population of the study was made up of all the five universities in Rivers State. Convenience sampling technique was adopted in selecting the respondents that constituted the sample of this study. Data collection was done primarily using structured questionnaire to enable the gathering of sufficient evidence about internal audit and corporate governance practices in the universities surveyed. The reliability index of the data collection instrument was 0.885, obtained using the Cronbach Alpha technique. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics while linear regression and correlation analysis were used in testing the hypotheses. The investigation revealed that a positive linear relationship exists between internal audit and corporate governance in universities in Rivers State and that all the measures of internal audit have significant influence on governing council and audit committee effectiveness but do not have significant influence on external audit effectiveness in universities in Rivers State. The study concluded that the internal unit of the universities surveyed, on the average, perform financial, operational and compliance audits. One of the recommendations made was that management and those charged with governance of universities in Rivers State should make effort to inject more qualified, competent and experienced personnel into the internal audit unit; this can be done through the engagement of professional accountants (or auditors) or career internal auditors and by training and retraining their internal auditors to bring them up-to-speed with recent developments in internal auditing and corporate governance.
Keywords: Compliance audit, Corporate Governance, Financial Audit, Internal Audit, Operational Audit.
In Defence of Accounting Thought and the Development of Corporate Governance in Nigerian Deposit Money Banks (NDMB). (Published)
The study reviewed the role of accounting history in the development of corporate governance with emphasis on Nigeria deposit money banks from the primitive era to these contemporary periods. The study adopted historical review of available literature and noted how accounting developed over the years to provide necessary information and assurances to various stakeholders of the organization. The study observed how small firms and industries grew into multinationals and corporations which necessitated that management became divorced from the owners thus requiring a degree of accountability and responsibility from the management of the organizations. This need for accountability and responsibility naturally gave birth to the agency and stakeholder’s theories and also the development of practice of accounting. Through this historical antecedent, the study noted that the needs which brought about the growth of accounting also necessitated the development of codes of corporate governance and concluded that the codes of corporate governance actually developed to assist accounting plays its role effectively as a provider of information to its various stakeholders.
Keywords: Accounting History, Corporate Governance, Double Entry Book Keeping System, Nigerian Money Deposit Banks, and Accounting Development
Empirical Study on the Impact of Corporate Governance Practices on Performance: Evidence from SMES in an Emerging Economy (Published)
The study examined the impact of corporate governance practices on the performance of SMEs in Ghana. Both descriptive and correlational research design were employed for the study. Convenience sampling technique was used to select one hundred (100) SMEs from two regions in Ghana. The study utilised the annual reports of the SMEs from 2012 to 2016 financial years. Net profit margin (NPM) and return on assets (ROA) were used as proxies for performance and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression model was used to estimate the level of impact of corporate governance on the performance of SMEs in Ghana. The study found empirical evidence to support the view that the board size (BS) has a negative impact on NPM, though insignificant. In addition, the evidence obtained indicate that board gender (BG) and management ownership (MO), all have positive impact on NPM. The evidence also showed that role difference for CEO and board chairman (DR) has a negative and positive impact on both ROA and ROE. Similarly, the results showed that board size (BS) has an insignificant negative impact on ROA. Additionally, it was ascertained that board gender (BG) and management ownership (MO) have positive impact on ROA, though the level of impact of board gender (BG) and management ownership (MO) are statistically insignificant. The results further provide evidence that the control variables: firm age (Fage) and industry of the firms (FInd) have a significant positive impact on both NPM and ROA. Generally, the evidence obtained show that corporate governance has positive but insignificant impact on performance of SMEs.
Keywords: Corporate Governance, Ghana Stock Exchange, Manufacturing Firms, Return on Assets, Return on Equity
Do Drivers of Corporate Governance Influence shareholder Value (Published)
This study examines effect of drivers of corporate governance on shareholder value. Data from annual financial reports of listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria were analysed and tested using panel dynamic ordinary least square model and panel unit root tests. Most variables used as proxies for shareholder value responded positively to variations in audit independence while there is a non-significant effect of audit independence on all variables used as proxies for shareholder value. Board independence has a positive and non-significant effect on shareholder value whereas board size and audit size negatively and non-significantly affect shareholder value. The study further reveals that audit size, board size and board independence have negative and non-significant impact on the economic value added which represents the market value of shareholder assets. Only audit independence has a positive and non-significant impact on economic value added. Corporate governance drivers are efficacious but do not influence shareholder value significantly.
Keywords: Audit Committee, Board size, Corporate Governance, Environment, Independence, Shareholder value
Corporate Governance and Audit Quality in Nigeria: Evidence from the Banking Industry (Published)
This study examined the relationship between corporate governance and the quality of auditor’s report with evidence from the Nigerian Banking Industry. The research design adopted for this study is the ex-post facto as the research relied on historic data. Eleven (11) deposit money banks quoted on the Nigerian Stocks Exchange were sampled. In testing our hypothesis, the correlation analysis was applied to a dataset covering seven (7) years from 2007 to 2014 that is the post-corporate governance period. Analysis suggests that while board composition has a negative and insignificant relationship with audit quality, separation of the roles of the CEO from that of the chairman of the board, board size, and composition of the audit committee has positive and significant relationship with audit quality. Furthermore, findings also show that ownership concentration has a positive but insignificant relationship with audit quality. Findings also show that the strength of the positive linear relationship between the separation of the roles of the CEO from that of the chairman of the board and the audit quality is as high as 0.702377 or 70.23% followed by the relationship between board size and audit quality which stood at 0.452896 or 45.28%. However, the study thus concludes that effective corporate governance arises out of responsible and simultaneous vigilant actions by the managers, the board of Directors, shareholders and auditors. Good financial Reporting from the external auditors is an important building block of corporate governance because the information provided to the shareholders has to be optimal in terms of cost and benefits. The study also recommends that the relationship between management and shareholders have to be characterized by transparency and fairness.
Keywords: Audit Quality, Board Composition, Board size, Corporate Governance, Nigeria
Corporate Governance Impacts to the Level of Accounting Information Disclosure – Evidence on Vn30 Listed Companies of Vietnam (Published)
Accounting information has important implication for users. Last time, the State Securities Commission has made provisions related to increase the quality and extent of the accounting information for listed companies. The disclosure of information by VN30 listed companies depend on the impact factors, in which corporate governance is one of the main factors. Based on the quantitative survey about the accounting information disclosure of listed companies in the regression model, results showed that two factors are size of board and the level of concentration of ownership affect the level of information disclosure for VN30 listed companies. From which the author proposes to increase the number of members of the board as well as control the concentration of power problems of a number of shareholders of listed companies to increase the level of information disclosure response to the users.
Keywords: Accounting information, Corporate Governance, Listed Company
Vol 4, Issue 6, June 2016 ()
Accounting information has important implication for users. Last time, the State Securities Commission has made provisions related to increase the quality and extent of the accounting information for listed companies. The disclosure of information by VN30 listed companies depend on the impact factors, in which corporate governance is one of the main factors. Based on the quantitative survey about the accounting information disclosure of listed companies in the regression model, results showed that two factors are size of board and the level of concentration of ownership affect the level of information disclosure for VN30 listed companies. From which the author proposes to increase the number of members of the board as well as control the concentration of power problems of a number of shareholders of listed companies to increase the level of information disclosure response to the users.
Keywords: Accounting information, Corporate Governance, Listed Company
Studying the Role of Corporate Governance in the Development of Risk Management in Commercial Banks Listed At Amman Stock Exchange (Field Study) (Published)
The study aimed to identify the role of corporate governance in the development of risk management in commercial banks listed at Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). To achieve this goal, the researcher relied adopted an analytical descriptive approach in her study to be convenient to the study nature. A questionnaire has designed as a tool to collect data. It distributed to a sample survey of the members of the committee’s corporate governance, audit committees and risk management commissions in these banks. The questionnaires have statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The most important findings of the study that the presence of the role of corporate governance committees resulting from the Board of Directors in development of risk management in banks listed at ASE. This role was in uneven degree, between medium and high. In addition, the role of audit committees is the most development in the risk management, followed by risk management committees, and finally to corporate governance committees. The study concluded a set of recommendations including: It is necessary to activate the role of committees in the exercise of its work in development of risk management in commercial banks listed at ASE. The sub-committees should constituted of the board of directors in accordance with corporate governance, which includes financially and accounting experienced members. Finally, the financial experience should not limited to a specific number of members
Keywords: Commercial Banks, Corporate Governance, Risk Management
Effects of Recapitalisation on Commercial Banks Survival in Nigeria: Pre and Post Camel Anaylsis (Published)
This paper examined the analysis effects of recapitalization on commercial banks survivals in Nigerian: pre and post camel analysis. This is because the banking industry in Nigeria has witnessed a lot of transformation as a result of the restructuring programmes channeled towards resolving the existing problems of the industry by the central bank of Nigeria. The banking consolidation and recapitalization of commercial banks exercise which has shaped the structure of the Nigerian banking industry significantly. This was driven by the need to strengthen the banking sector and reposition the banks to be strong in order to meet up with the internationalization of financial and business globalization best practices. The exercise was deemed necessary because having a strong capital base increasing their ability to assume risk and absorb losses. The study used an Ex-post-facto research design comprising of pooled data which employs the use of secondary data covering a thirteen years period pre and post recapitalization (2006- 2012) using 10 out of the 25 banks that emerged after the transformation to test the effect of the reform . Chow test was used to check for structurally difference between the pre and post period using CAMEL framework as indicators for measurement. The result of the regression model of Minimum capital base on capital adequacy, asset quality, management quality and earnings quality and liquidity indicated an increase after recapitalization and consolidation but only Capital adequacy and management quality had a structurally difference with the increment. Based on the findings, it is discovered that recapitalization and consolidation is a welcome development that is needed by the banks but it cannot stand alone in achieving all round soundness and stability desired by Central Bank of Nigeria, little thereafter we are still faced with the post 2006 distress of banks even after the huge recapitalization reform and the Central Bank of Nigeria bailing out 8 banks with over 400 billion in 2012. Therefore, we recommend among other things the strict compliance to corporate governance practices, zero tolerance on misreporting and fraudulent practices, enforcing laws like the liabilities of board members of failing banks and finally, every business needs an enabling environment to enhance profitability.
Keywords: Business Global Best Practices, Corporate Governance, Recapitalization Reform
Effectiveness of Audit Committee Practices and the Value of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria (Published)
This research study examines the effectiveness of audit committee and as well explores the relationship between audit committee effectiveness and the value of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The followings were identified as audit committee characteristics (Internal control, the integrity of financial reporting, commitment of audit committee members and meeting) and were used in identifying the effectiveness of audit committee. Eight questions-survey questionnaires related to the four identified characteristics were administered to 55 respondents spread amongst the five sampled banks. The questionnaire enables the study to seek the perceptions of the respondents on the effectiveness of audit committee in deposit money banks in Nigeria. The Chi Square statistical tool was used to test the two study’s hypotheses. The study finds that the Characteristics of Audit Committee practices relates to the effectiveness of Audit committees’ of the deposits money banks in Nigeria, hence portraying the committee’s effectiveness in performing its functions, the effectiveness of audit committee does not necessarily improve or otherwise on the value of the deposits money banks and results also indicate that activities as relate meeting of the audit committees’ of deposit money banks are not clearly stated in the annual accounts of the banks. It therefore recommends that detail issues of meetings of audit committees be clearly stated and or included in the annual reports of the banks.
Keywords: Audit Committee, Corporate Governance, Deposit Money Banks