Implementation Effect of Treasury Single Account on the Economy of Nigeria: The Perspective of Banking Sector (Published)
Treasury Single Account (TSA)’s prime purpose is to ensure accountability, improve transparency, and prevent abuse and mismanagement of public funds. Nigeria had to domesticate the law implementing TSA in 1999, however, the government ran a pilot scheme in 2012 to fully domesticate and observe the impact of such policy on the growing economy of the nation. Thus, this study aimed to examine the implications of TSA from its domestication, identify its benefits, examine the challenges and study its prospects considering the perspectives of the banking sector employees. The descriptive research design was adopted for the study using fifty (50) bank employees within Ondo State, Southwestern Nigeria who were randomly selected. Software for the Social Sciences Statistical System (SPSS) was used to obtain descriptive statistics such as central tendency, the measure of variability, kurtosis and skewness. The calculated values range from 2.60 to 3.88, 0.72 to 1.28, -0.08 to -2.20, -1.73 to 4.09 for mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis respectively. All calculated p-values range between (.000 to .003), which are less than the level of significance of 0.05 (2-tailed). Hence, the null hypotheses are rejected while the alternate hypotheses are accepted. The strong relationship of up to 0.985 between the opinions of the respondents is a strong indication that the application of TSA has led to a reduction of monetary misappropriation and a drastic reduction of corrupt practices. Therefore, TSA should be implemented in every sector of the economy both public and private to ensure financial prudence, accountability, transparencies and as a tool in monitoring, expenses incurred.
Keywords: Accountability, Banking Sector, Economy, Transparency, treasury single account
Impact Of Company Income Taxation On The Profitability Of Companies In Nigeria: A Study Of Nigerian Breweries. (Published)
This study ascertains the impact of taxation on the profitability of companies in Nigeria. The study used secondary sources of data and a time series econometric technique with an error correction model tested the variables most likely to impact on profitability of companies in Nigeria. The study revealed that the level of company tax has significant effect on the profitability, that company income tax (CIT) has significant effect on profitability. We conclude that the positive and significant relation between the profitability and the taxation explanatory variables indicates that policy measures to expand tax revenue through more effective tax administration will impact positively on growing the company’s profitability. It is therefore recommended that Government should expand the tax yield through improved tax system administration. This is because of the positive danger of over-reliance on crude oil export receipts to drive the economy. There should be more improve in the effectiveness of taxation by ensuring proper and equitable tax assessment and timely collection.
Keywords: Breweries, Economy, Income, Profitability, Tax
THE RISING INCIDENCE OF NON -PERFORMING LOANS AND THE NEXUS OF ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA: AN INVESTIGATION (Published)
Since the introduction of Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) in Nigeria in the 1980’s, the financial system has witnessed excessive liberalization. Community Banks which were the main stay of the financial system have transformed to Microfinance Banks (MFB) resulting from the uncontrolled collapsed of these institutions. The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) very recently introduced reforms meant to curb the high incidence of bank failures in the country that required the introduction of minimum capital requirement for the establishment of commercial Banks and MFBs. After some years of experiments, it was obvious that the reforms put in place were not adequate to stem the tide of bank failures. It was as a result of this that the Apex Bank (Central Bank of Nigeria) increase the minimum capital requirement for commercial banks to N25b ($160,000). Many Banks could not meet this new capital requirement and were faced with the option of been merged with other stronger banks or allowed themselves to be completely taken over by other banks. From researches done on the performance of banks, it has been proven that banks tend to do very well when the economy is also doing very well. It is on this basis that this work has been undertaken to confirm this assertion or otherwise confirm that non- performing loans tend to increase when the economy slacks into a recession. The study found that increase in non-performing loans impacted negatively on the Gross Domestic Product in Nigeria and that increase in lending rate and inflation rate cause non-performing loans to increase. The implication of this study is that Central bank should introduce policies that can have moderating effects on inflation and lending rates.Government should pay their loans on time and insider abuse should be eliminated from the financial system. Above all, banks should know their customers before granting loans to them, infact adhering strictly to the 5C’s of credit in modern banking practice.
Keywords: Collateral, Economy, Inflation Rate, Interest Rate, Non-Performing Loans, Reforms/Government Policies
CASHLESS ECONOMY AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT REPORTING IN NIGERIA (Published)
This article examined development and challenges of cashless policy in Nigerian economy and determined its effect on business transactions and financial reporting. Sample size was drawn from the population in South East of Nigeria. Questionnaire and oral interview were main research instruments; analysis of data and test of hypotheses were carried out using Z – test statistics and Chi-square. Main findings in the study include; Stakeholders in the financial statements of corporate entities place more credence on financial statements emanating from cashless-based economies because of its effect on reduced tax evasion, inflation and revenue leakages, easier to comply with auditing standards and effective performance of business transactions. Challenges on adequate and standard infrastructure, low level of literacy and poor banking habits were revealed. There was also this perceived increased cost on the part of vendors while disposing of their wares which would have been avoided if the transaction was by cash.
Keywords: Business Transaction, Cashless, Economy, Financial Reporting, Financial System