Efficacy of E-Safe Product in Decontamination of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil (Published)
Effectiveness of E-safe© product in the recovery of soil contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) was investigated at the Teaching and Research Laboratory of the Department of Microbiology, Hezekiah University, Umudi, Imo State. The study was conducted on soil sample collected from aged crude oil polluted site in Rivers State.The top soil (0-30cm) was sieved using a 5mm mesh to remove gravel and debris prior to analysis. The pH, Phosphate, Nitrate, and TPH levels in the soil were analyzed using well established standard analytical protocols. E-safe product was artificially spiked in each of the 4kg soil at 0 ml, 6 ml, 12 ml, 24 ml, and 48 ml and arranged in a Completely Randomized Design. The percentage degradation of TPH in soil was monitored for a period of four (4) weeks. Results obtained showed that the soil pH was slightly acidic to basic. The findings showed Nitrate (4.97 – 24.42 ppm) and phosphate (0.134 – 0.53 ppm) ranges for both treated and control soils within the period. About 88.41% TPH degradation was achieved at 48 ml followed by 24 ml (75.63%) while the least percentage removal of TPH was recorded in the control (2.30%). The study further showed that soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbon altered soil physicochemistry, but more than 50% of the polluted soils were recovered by treatment with E-safe product at 48 ml, 24 ml and 12 ml respectively. The mineral components of the E-safe product could have acted as effective substance in the total removal of oil contaminants in the contaminated soil.
Keywords: Biodegradation, E-safe, Imo State, Soil, TPH
Assessment of Pollution Potential and Chemical Interaction of Polybrominated Bdiphenyl Ethers (PBDES) On Soil and Bitter Leaf Around E-Waste Dumpsite in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria (Published)
Pollution potential and chemical interaction of polybrominated diphenyls ethers (PBDEs) in the soil and plant around e-waste dumpsite were evaluated via integration. The results showed that positive pollution potential were high up to 5.250 at depth 20 – 30 cm (BDE- 25). Below detectable pollution potential and chemical interaction was detected for soil, leaf and root across month. The total BDE congeners for both control and studied soil ranged from 29.84 – 3,049.34 ng/g and that for control and impacted plant ranged from 12.48 – 99.21 ng/g. The concentration of PBDEs across depth showed no definite trends, but there was a significant difference when the control and studied soil were compared. The pollution potential and chemical interaction of control and plant around e-waste showed no remarkable difference. The positive pollution potential and chemical interaction were dominated at the lower polybrominated diphenyl ethers congener than the higher congeners.
Citation: Eyenubo, O.B.; 2Ogonegbu C. A.; Egharevba, F.; Osakwe, S. A. (2022) Assessment of Pollution Potential and Chemical Interaction of Polybrominated Bdiphenyl Ethers (PBDES) On Soil and Bitter Leaf Around E-Waste Dumpsite in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria, International Journal of Environment and Pollution Research, Vol.10, No.2 pp.50-67
Keywords: Bitter Leaf, PBDEs, Pollution potential, Soil, chemical interaction, e-waste
An appraisal of Heavy Metal Concentration in Soil and Selected Subterranean Animals in Olusosun Landfill, Ojota, Lagos State (Published)
As a result of the global industrial activities, contamination of the ecosystem by heavy metals has given rise to one of the most important ecological and organismic challenges. An experimental study was performed to ascertain the levels of heavy metals in soil and selected subterranean animals in dumpsites in Lagos State. One (1) kg each of four composite soil samples at a depth of 0 -15cm from the soil surface within the landfill were collected using an auger. The level of parameters such as soil pH, temperature and soil moisture content were determined. Earthworm, Maggot and Spider from each sampled soil were washed in distill water to remove soil particles. The heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb) were then analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The result of the study showed that Pb and Cd had higher mean concentration (0.75mg/kg and 0.1mg/kg respectively) for the landfill soil sample compared to the control soil sample and subterranean animals. The result also showed that Maggot and Earthworm had higher means concentration of Zn (0.31mg/kg and 0.14mg/kg respectively) compared to the soil samples (landfill and control) and spider. The result was not statistically significant comparing the mean concentration of heavy metals on the landfill soil and the subterranean animals. Chromium (Cr) was not detected in the study. The study concluded that there is high anthropogenic influence and persistence of the heavy metals which accumulated in the environment and pose serious ecological and health challenges.
Citation: Iheanacho, J.N., Ejike-Okongwu, C., Idowu, S.A., Kabantiyok, D., Mkpuma, N.N, & Bala, N.M. (2022) An appraisal of Heavy Metal Concentration in Soil and Selected Subterranean Animals in Olusosun Landfill, Ojota, Lagos State, International Journal of Environment and Pollution Research, Vol.10, No.1 pp.20-27
Keywords: Heavy Metals, Lagos, Landfill, Soil, animals, subterranean
Effect of Cassava Mill Effluent on Microbial Properties of Garden Soil: Eziobodo Imo State Nigeria (Published)
An assessment of the Effect of Cassava Effluent on Garden Soil was made. Two soil samples were collected; one from a farmland polluted with cassava effluent and, another as an unpolluted sample – free from cassava effluent pollution. The microbial analyses were carried out to investigate the effects of the cassava effluent on the soil microbial qualities of garden soil. Results showed that unpolluted soil sample was normal, while the results of the polluted soil sample showed extinct or absence of normal garden soil microbial fauna with the presence of Staphylococcus aureus which are more harmful than good wherever they are found. However, the presumptive identification of fungi in the polluted soil sample showed presence of Candida sp. The results of the bacteriological count showed absence of coliform bacteria, and the Triple sugar iron and various biochemical reactions showed the absence of bacteria such as Bacillus sp which possess nitrogenise and is able to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Such genus of bacteria could stimulate plant growth by colonizing plant tissues – external or internal and providing fixed nitrogen to the host plant. Also various species of Bacillus have the ability to increase plant nutrients in soil. Bacillus forms positive interactions (symbiotic) involving bacteria and fungi to stimulate growth in plants. Many strains are capable of inhibiting pathogenic growth or activity directly and indirectly in soil.Enlightenment campaign, detoxifying cassava effluent in accordance with regulatory Standard, appropriate method(s) of environmental friendly disposal of both solid and cassava wastewater are recommended for safe and healthy environment.
Keywords: Cassava effluent, Contamination, Environment, Microbes, Pollution, Soil
Lead (Pb) Mining in Ebonyi State, Nigeria: Implications for Environmental And Human Health Risk. (Published)
Recent cases of lead (Pb) poisoning in Nigeria which has claimed the lives of over 500 children has been traced to mining. Forty soil samples were collected from the vicinity of four mining sites (A – D) scattered across the three senatorial zones of the state. These samples were sieved to <125 µm particle size fractions and digested using hotplate. Lead levels in these samples were determined using Flame atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS). The results revealed that the mean concentration of Site A was 7177 mg/kg, Site B = 5051 mg/kg, Site C = 3198 mg/kg and Site D = 7881 mg/kg. These values were compared with soil guideline values (SGVs) from six countries and they were all in excess of the SGVs. It is to be noted that when Pb levels exceed SGVs, it signifies a level of risk to man and his environment.
Keywords: Mining, Soil, children, health risk, lead (Pb)