Effect of Cassava Mill Effluent on Microbial Properties of Garden Soil: Eziobodo Imo State Nigeria (Published)
An assessment of the Effect of Cassava Effluent on Garden Soil was made. Two soil samples were collected; one from a farmland polluted with cassava effluent and, another as an unpolluted sample – free from cassava effluent pollution. The microbial analyses were carried out to investigate the effects of the cassava effluent on the soil microbial qualities of garden soil. Results showed that unpolluted soil sample was normal, while the results of the polluted soil sample showed extinct or absence of normal garden soil microbial fauna with the presence of Staphylococcus aureus which are more harmful than good wherever they are found. However, the presumptive identification of fungi in the polluted soil sample showed presence of Candida sp. The results of the bacteriological count showed absence of coliform bacteria, and the Triple sugar iron and various biochemical reactions showed the absence of bacteria such as Bacillus sp which possess nitrogenise and is able to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Such genus of bacteria could stimulate plant growth by colonizing plant tissues – external or internal and providing fixed nitrogen to the host plant. Also various species of Bacillus have the ability to increase plant nutrients in soil. Bacillus forms positive interactions (symbiotic) involving bacteria and fungi to stimulate growth in plants. Many strains are capable of inhibiting pathogenic growth or activity directly and indirectly in soil.Enlightenment campaign, detoxifying cassava effluent in accordance with regulatory Standard, appropriate method(s) of environmental friendly disposal of both solid and cassava wastewater are recommended for safe and healthy environment.
Keywords: Cassava effluent, Contamination, Environment, Microbes, Pollution, Soil
Environmental Impact of Microbes on Awba Dam: It’s Effect on Ecotourism (Published)
Recreational use of water is often given inadequate consideration and care. This is of particular concern as the recreational use of water is becoming popular in Nigeria . Many of these are increasingly contaminated by domestic sewage and industrial effluents. This study is therefore relevant in assessing the environmental impact of microbes on ecotourism in Awba dam. A total of nine water (n=9) and soil (n= 9) samples were collected at entry, middle and the end of the Awba dam for heavy metal analysis and microbial assay. Samples were assessed for heavy metals using an official procedure and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Total aerobic plate count, Isolation and characterization of strains was done using standard methods. For enumeration of E. coliO157:H7, colonies were characterized using standard methods. The direct slide agglutination technique was utilized for serology. The presumptive E. coli isolates were subjected to agglutination tests with specific E. coli O157:H7 . For the antibiotic sensitivity test, the Bauer-Kirby disc diffusion method was used to test the sensitivity of the isolates. Statistical analysis of ANOVA was used and Duncan multiple range test was used to separate the means. All the values obtained for the total aerobic count and total coliform count for soil and water were higher than EPA recommended value for recreational waters. For the antibiotic Sensitivity Profile, isolates from Awba dam showed the highest sensitivity (16.17mm) to ciprofloxacin while lowest was with Augmentine (8.25mm).Furthermore the isolate from the control point showed highest sensitivity to CPR and NIT ( 14mm) and least for AUG (5mm) Generally, E.coliO157:H7 isolates were highly sensitive to Oflatoxin and Ciproflaxin(93.3%) while the isolate was completely resistant to Ampicilin and Cefuroxime. The presence of E.coliO157:H7 in the dam can make the dam unfit for recreational activities and also for the community household chores, if not well treated . The University management should device means of controlling waste water that enters into the dam by providing alternate channels of discharge .This will reduce the growth and spread of the microbes in the soil and water of the dam.
Keywords: E. coli O157:H7, Ecotourism, Heavy Metals, Microbes, Physico-chemical parameters, Total Coliform Count
A Study On the impact of Microbes on Oil Transporting Pipelines in Obiafun/Obrikom, Rivers State, Niger Delta Region, Nigeria (Published)
A study on the impact of microbes on oil transporting pipelines in Obiafun/Obrikom, Rivers State, Nigeria was conducted between 2011 and 2012. To harvest biofilms from the pipelines, ten coupons were placed into the inner surfaces of five pipelines (two per pipeline) and allowed for normal flow of petroleum for a period of 127 days. At the end of the 127 days, biofilms were scraped and used for the enumeration and identification of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB), total heterotrophic bacteria and total fungal counts. Corrosion rate was determined by weight loss method. The results revealed the following species of SRB, Desulfuromonas acetoxidans, Desulfosarcina variabilis and Desulfobulbus propionicus. The bacteria species identified were Bacillus Cereus, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Serrratia marcescens and Halomonas subglaciescola. Among the bacterial species, Gram positive bacteria were more dominant with 62.5% occurrence and the Gram negative bacteria with 37.5%. the fungal isolates identified were mostly of the genera; Aspergillus, Verticillium, Saccharomyces and Microsporarium; Penicillum, Aureobasidium and Hormoconis. The mean values of corrosion rates in each pipelines were 1.6, 5.39, 1.0, 3.37 and 2.22 mpy respectively for 7 TUB, 6 LS, 6 25, 11ss and OBF31 pipelines. These results will provide baseline data for monitoring and controlling of biocorrosion in oil transporting pipelines.
Keywords: Impact, Microbes, Obiofun, Obrikom, Transporting pipelines
A Study On The Impact Of Microbes On Oil Transporting Pipelines In Obiafun/Obrikom, Rivers State, Niger Delta Region, Nigeria (Published)
A study on the impact of microbes on oil transporting pipelines in Obiafun/Obrikom, Rivers State, Nigeria was conducted between 2011 and 2012. To harvest biofilms from the pipelines, ten coupons were placed into the inner surfaces of five pipelines (two per pipeline) and allowed for normal flow of petroleum for a period of 127 days. At the end of the 127 days, biofilms were scraped and used for the enumeration and identification of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB), total heterotrophic bacterial and fungal counts. Corrosion rate was determined by weight loss method. The results revealed the following species of SRB, Desulfuromonas acetoxidans, Desulfosarcina variabilis and Desulfobulbus propionicus. The bacteria species identified were Bacillus Cereus, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Serrratia marcescens and Halomonas subglaciescola. Among the bacterial species, Gram positive bacteria were more dominant with 62.5% occurrence and the Gram negative bacteria with 37.5%. the fungal isolates identified were mostly of the genera; Aspergillus, Verticillium, Saccharomyces and Microsporarium; Penicillum, Aureobasidium and Hormoconis. The mean values of corrosion rates in each pipelines were 1.6, 5.39, 1.0, 3.37 and 2.22 mpy respectively for 7 TUB, 6 LS, 6 25, 11ss and OBF31 pipelines. These results will provide baseline data for monitoring and controlling of biocorrosion in oil transporting pipelines.
Keywords: Impact, Microbes, Obiofun/Obrikom, Transporting pipelines