Carbon Dioxide

Greenhouse Gas Distribution in the Niger Delta Region (Published)

Increased economic activity has resulted in higher levels of greenhouse gases and carbon emissions in Nigeria, making the country more vulnerable to the effects of climate change. To investigate the distribution of greenhouse gases in the Nigerien Delta, researchers used an ex post facto approach. The information was gathered from the six Niger Delta states that comprise BRACED: Delta, Edo, Rivers, Cross Rivers, and Akwa Ibom.  The study focused on twelve refineries or gas flare sites, which represented all of the areas that fit the Niger Delta profile. Starting in September 2022 and ending in February 2023, data were collected every other week using Sage thermal mass flow metres. We used ANOVA and statistical diagrams to look for regional differences in climate-GHG concentrations. Greenhouse gas emissions from the Niger Delta area fell sharply between 1993 and 2022, reaching a low of 1.38 million square metres in 2010. In 2022, the average CO₂ concentration in the area was 25.4µg/m³, and SO₂ emissions were 20.1µg/m³. Carbon dioxide far outnumbered sulphur IV oxide (SO₂) in greenhouse gas flares. Soil organic carbon concentrations averaged highest in Rivers State and lowest in Akwa Ibom. An examination of regional statistics revealed that NO₂ and SO₂ emissions varied significantly, with the greatest differences found between the states of Edo and Rivers. However, CO₂ emissions were uniform across the country. Reduce the impact by collaborating, strengthening our capabilities, conducting research, and sharing our technologies.

Keywords: Carbon Dioxide, Emission, Greenhouse Gases, Niger-Delta, spatial spread

Carbon Dioxide (Co2) Emission Scenarios from Motorized Road Transport In Kisumu City (Published)

The global increase in the number of motor vehicles in the urban environment has greatly contributed to the increase in the amount of carbon dioxide released to the atmosphere which contributes to global warming. The study analyzed the relationship between the total CO₂ emission from motorized road transport and the atmospheric CO₂ concentration using the digital CO₂ meter to sample atmospheric air to determine the atmospheric CO₂ concentration in parts per million by volume at various time intervals in the Kisumu Bus Park and within the city and its neighborhoods’. The theoretical framework of this study was the Kinetic Theory of Gases. The study recommended that the government should invest heavily in the public transport sector by enacting laws and policies aimed at discouraging the importation and use of low seating capacity vehicles and invest in the high seating capacity vehicles (BRT) and non-motorized road transport.

Keywords: BRT, Carbon Dioxide, Emission, motorized road transport

Transport Pooling As a Mitigating Strategy for Carbon Dioxide (Co2) Emission (Published)

This study determined the nature of relationship between the volume of CO₂ liberated per passenger kilometre travelled by Public Service Vehicles (PSVs) that have large carrying capacity and those that have low carrying capacity in Kisumu City using observation with a view of reducing the amount of CO₂ liberated by PSVs (matatus). The study particularly sought to reduce the emission of CO₂ into the atmosphere as a result of burning fossil fuel. The study was conceived as a result of the uncontrolled thriving and congestion of the 14-seater public service vehicles commonly called “Nissan Matatu” in Kenya. Over the years, transport pooling has been seen in the light of economizing fuel usage. Due to the global increase in the number of motor vehicles in urban setting, pooling shifted and was seen as a strategy to reduce congestion. The burning of fossil fuels releases CO₂ which is a greenhouse gas into the atmosphere. This study sought to quantify the extent of fuel consumption in relation to the seating capacity of the PSV by determining on the average the quantities of fuel burnt by different capacities of the PSVs. Pearson Product-Moment correlation coefficient showed a relationship of -.917 between the volumes of CO₂ liberated per passenger kilometre travelled in large carrying capacity and low carrying capacity passenger transportation. This study concluded that the 14-seater PSVs emit twice as much volume of CO₂ as the pooled PSVs and recommended the implementation of policies aimed at reducing the usage of the 14-seater PSVs.

Keywords: Carbon Dioxide, Emission, Mitigation, Nissan Matatu, Transport Pooling