Major issue of Poverty in Pakistan (Published)
According to World Bank Report 2013, 60% population of Pakistan lives under poverty line which cannot earn 2$ a day, and the population which earn 1.25$ a day is 21%. So there are multiple others reasons of poverty in Pakistan also. Millennium Development Goals (MDGS) are not implemented in true spirit. Because the calories base reduction in poverty is not solution to overcome the poverty for development. Government should invest the skill labor force development and techniques of production will improve it can reduce the poverty line. Good Governance is one of best solution of the problem. Empower the local government system which is very play effective role in poverty reduction.
Keywords: Lack of Resources, Low Income, Poverty
Analysis of Poverty Trends in Ghana (Published)
The definition of poverty differs across regions and localities in reference to traditions and what society perceived to be poor characterises of a household. In the past, poverty was defined based on household indices such as income levels, consumption and expenditure patterns among others. However, in our efforts to estimate poverty level of households or communities, one has to take into consideration the multi-dimensional nature of poverty and factors that contribute to poverty including both human and social indices normally drafted into poverty reduction projects and strategies.
Keywords: Ghana, Poverty, Trends
EFFECTS OF GENDER BASED DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES ON POVERTY REDUCTIONAND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN NGOR –OKPALA AREA OF IMO STATE, NIGERIA. (Published)
This study assessed the effect of gender-based discriminatory practices on poverty reduction and women empowerment in Ngor Okpala Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria One hundred and twenty (120) female respondents were randomly selected from twelve communities, ten respondents from each of the twelve communities. Questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution, percentage and mean. The results showed that most of the respondents were 51-60years of age and majority of the women were married and mostly secondary school leavers who had farming as their major occupation. The result showed that women are being discriminated upon in decision making, education, inheritance (land), in employment and some of these discriminations are caused by cultural and religious laws which restrict women from fully utilizing their potentials. The result also showed that discrimination of women leads to increased poverty level and psychological effect such as low self esteem and lack of confidence, subsequently affecting poverty reduction and women empowerment negatively. Based on the major findings, the following recommendations were made. Cultural and religious laws should be restructured to suit modern day society, equal educational opportunities should be provided to women, and skill training facilities should be provided to empower women. Also, Government should formulate policies that allows for equal right in inheritance especially land. Women should be given equal right and power in decision making, equal opportunities for women to participate in Various Societal Activities.
Keywords: Discrimination, Education, Empowerment, Gender, Poverty
Effects of Gender based Discriminatory Practices on Poverty Reduction and Women Empowerment in Ngor –Okpala Area of Imo State, Nigeria (Review Completed - Accepted)
This study assessed the effect of gender-based discriminatory practices on poverty reduction and women empowerment in Ngor Okpala Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria One hundred and twenty (120) female respondents were randomly selected from twelve communities, ten respondents from each of the twelve communities. Questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution, percentage and mean. The results showed that most of the respondents were 51-60years of age and majority of the women were married and mostly secondary school leavers who had farming as their major occupation. The result showed that women are being discriminated upon in decision making, education, inheritance (land), in employment and some of these discriminations are caused by cultural and religious laws which restrict women from fully utilizing their potentials. The result also showed that discrimination of women leads to increased poverty level and psychological effect such as low self esteem and lack of confidence, subsequently affecting poverty reduction and women empowerment negatively. Based on the major findings, the following recommendations were made. Cultural and religious laws should be restructured to suit modern day society, equal educational opportunities should be provided to women, and skill training facilities should be provided to empower women. Also, Government should formulate policies that allows for equal right in inheritance especially land. Women should be given equal right and power in decision making, equal opportunities for women to participate in various societal activities
Keywords: Discrimination, Education, Empowerment, Gender, Poverty