Extraction, Isolation and Characterization of Mannitol from aerial part of Striga hermonthica Del (Published)
Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth is a common hemi-parasitic plant growing in a variety of food crops like maize, millet, rice and sorghum roots. It has many medicinal uses include abortifacient, dermatosis, leprosy, ulcer, pneumonia, jaundice and antibacterial activities. The plant material was extracted and concentrated under reduced pressure. Bioassay guided isolation was done by chromatographic methods. Compound coded “003” was isolated as white amorphous substance from combined hexane and ethyl acetate extracts. Spectral analysis was carried out to characterize the isolated compound. The proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) spectrum of isolated compound 003 displayed seven chemical shifts; δ H 4.31ppm, δ H 3.38 ppm, δ H 3.61 ppm, δ H 4.39 ppm, δ H 3.46 ppm, δ H 4.12 ppm and δ H 3.55 ppm. This also showed that there are seven different types of protons in the compound. Interpretation of the spectrum also revealed that signal of alcoholic protons of OH were observed downfield compared with the signal of protons directly attached to carbons. The Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C-NMR) spectrum gave three peak signals at δ C 64.3, 71.9 and 70.3 ppm corresponding to C1/C6, C2/C5 and C3/C4 respectively. Based on the comparison of the spectra of the isolated compound with reported spectral data in the literature, the chemical structure of the isolated compound 003 was deduced and identified as Mannitol. The chemical structure was also confirmed by 1H-1H Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY), Hetero-nuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) and Hetero-nuclear Multiple Bond Correlation (HMBC) spectra.
Keywords: Characterization, Extraction, Isolation, mannitol, striga hermonthica
IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC EFFICACY OF FRACTIONS FROM PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA L (FAMILY- PLUMBAGINNACEAE) ROOT EXTRACT (Published)
Unlike synthetic drugs plants have different phytoconstituents which can act collectively by which helminths cannot resist them or there could be active constituent(s) in the plant with superior potency. The aim of this study is to investigate the anthemelmintic activity of both crude and fractions of Plumbago zeylanica root extract. Crude extract was subjected to column chromatography from which nine pure compounds were isolated. Chloroform crude extracts recorded less paralysis and death time than ethanolic crude extracts. In addition, the isolated compounds were higher in their anthelmintic activity than crude extracts at almost all concentrations. Both crude and fractions paralyse and kill the worms with less time than that of the positive control and even less than 10 fold especially at low concentrations in case of chloroform extracts.
Keywords: Extraction, In vitro test, Plumbago Zeylanica L, anthelmintic activity