Impact on the Environmental and Health Effects of Solid Waste Management in The Federal Capital Territory, Abuja Nigeria (Published)
This paper investigated impact on the environmental and health effects of solid waste management in the federal capital territory: a case study of Abaji area council, it revealed that the data collected from nearby dumpsite household residents were less than 30 m and far away household residents greater than 30 m through interviews and personal observations were used to collect some of the data. This paper adopted descriptive statistics tool of tables, figures and graphs to present the data. The educational level of respondents of Nearby Residents (NBR) ranges from 30.00 to 115.00 with total of 145 and Far Away Residents (FAR) are between 53.00 and 110.00 with total of 233.00. The disposal methods used by respondents’ ranges from 35.00 to 128.00 with percentage between 9.00 to 32.00 for NBR and 23.00 to 85.00 with 10.00% to 36.00% for FAR. The findings indicate that because the dumpsite was located closer to NBR and FAR’s communities, both groups experienced linked illnesses such cholera, diarrhea, and malaria. This paper therefore recommended that urgent attention should be given to environmental education for the people in the study area.
Keywords: Chi-Square Test, Environmental, Solid waste management, T-test, health effect
Statistical Assessment of Primary Health Care Services on the Health Status of Rural Communities in Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria (Published)
This paper investigated the statistical assessment of primary health care services on the health status of rural communities in Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. The need for this paper was rural communities often have limited access to healthcare resources, which can lead to disparities in health outcomes and also place a strain on healthcare systems. This study employed quantitative research methodology in two recent secondary data. Thirteen and sixty-two Primary Health Care (PHCs) were used in the study respectively. The study also employed descriptive statistics and statistical test such as t-test and chi-square test to analyze the data collected. The result further showed that of the 62 PHCs visited 89% had good infrastructures, 26% had sufficient personnel and 85% had good service delivery. Therefore, it is recommended that there should be a need to improve on the workforce to meet the minimum standard for primary health care in Nigeria as well as regular monitoring and evaluation to assess the performances of the PHCs in FCT.
Keywords: Chi-Square Test, Primary Health Care, Rural Communities, T-test
The Derivation and Choice of Appropriate Test Statistic (Z, t, F and Chi-Square Test) in Research Methodology (Published)
The main objective of this paper is to choose an appropriate test statistic for research methodology. Specifically, this article tries to explore the concept of statistical hypothesis test, derivation of the test statistic and its role on research methodology. It also try to show the basic formulating and testing of hypothesis using test statistic since choosing appropriate test statistic is the most important tool of research. To test a hypothesis various statistical test like Z-test, Student’s t-test, F test (like ANOVA), Chi square test were identified. In testing the mean of a population or comparing the means from two continuous populations, the z-test and t-test were used, while the F test is used for comparing more than two means and equality of variance. The chi-square test was used for testing independence, goodness of fit and population variance of single sample in categorical data. Therefore, choosing an appropriate test statistic gives valid results about hypothesis testing.
Keywords: Chi-Square Test, F test (like ANOVA), Research Methodology, Student’s t-test, Test Statistic, Z-test