Flow Simulation and Experimental Validation of Crude Oil Hydrate Plugging in Pipelines using PIPESIM (Published)
This research attempts to improve upon the performance efficiency of crude oil pipelines in an oil field in south-south, Nigeria, comprising of flow lines 1, 2 and 3 of lengths (9874.6, 9265 and 12313) meters respectively. All with uniform ID of 0.254m, coated with 0.042m thick polyethylene. The well heads inlet pressures are (69.96, 72.18 and 76.85) bars. Flow Lines (FLs) have flow rates of (845.42, 650.0315 and 792.66) stb/d respectively. Pressure drop of (6.8 10.73 and 12.5) bar were recorded accordingly on these flow lines, with a cumulative output value of 2288.12 STB/d. PIPESIM software was utilized to model and simulate the following (0.2035m, 0.254, and 0.305m) IDs as sensitivity parameters for maximum (5000stb/d), normal (3000stb/d) and minimum (1000stb/d) flow rate cases. Out of which 0.2035m with 0.0635m insulation thickness was selected, for satisfying the optimal criteria, such as maximum flow rate of 5000 stb/d, and EVR max of 0.35 specified by API RP 14E. Hydrate formed at 16.51oC and 68.94 bar on Flow Lines. Performing sensitivity analysis on (FL) 1 enhanced pressure drop by 27.04% and flow rate improved by 70.9%. Pressure dropped by 29.17% with a flow rate improvement of 50.45% on (FL) 2, while on (FL) 3 it dropped by 19.92% and flowrate improved by 75.9%. The optimal operational temperature was 28.22oC. While, the Simulation validation with experimental results shows, that inlet pressure of 68.94785 bars, slowly dropped along the length of the pipeline to 64.62061 bars at 9875.52m; giving a difference of 4.32724 bar. Also, the experimental loop inlet pressure of 69.94785 bars gradually dropped to 65.91679 bars at 9875.52 m length, giving a pressure difference of 4.03106bar. The hydrate formation temperature in the loop was 17.4931 oC while that of simulation was 16.5112oC given 0.9819oC difference. The RMSE computed between the simulated and experimental pressures were 0.0523873, meaning 5.2% errors exist and that computed between the two predicted temperatures was 0.025995, accounting for 2.60% error. The R2 value for simulation and the experiment are 0.9995 and 0.9737, indicating a stronger correlation.
Keywords: Hydrate, PIPESIM, Simulation, crude oil, flow assurance. experimental validation, flow optimization
Modeling and Simulation of Shroud ED Wind Turbines to Work in Iraqi Weather Conditions (Published)
This study provides an overview of renewable wind energy in Iraq and the possibility of deploying concentrated wind energy technologies to support power generation in agricultural fields. on horizontal wind turbines. The results showed that with the addition of the diffuser, the energy produced shows an increase, and the study also showed that the wind speed in Iraq reaches 8 m per second in the center and south of the country. The study presents wind energy activities in Iraq, and the Iraqi government’s attempts to use wind energy. Renewable energy in general, and wind energy in particular.
Keywords: Iraqi, Modeling, Simulation, shroud ED wind turbines, weather conditions, work
Modeling and Simulation of shroud Ed Wind Turbines to work in Iraqi weather conditions (Published)
Citation: Rajaa Jarallah Abdul Rahman, and Ahmed Khalid Ibrahim (2022) Modeling and Simulation of shroud Ed Wind Turbines to work in Iraqi weather conditions, European Journal of, Mechanical Engineering Research , Vol. 9, Issue 1, pp.1-11
This study provides an overview of renewable wind energy in Iraq and the possibility of deploying concentrated wind energy technologies to support power generation in agricultural fields. On horizontal wind turbines. The results showed that with the addition of the diffuser, the energy produced shows an increase, and the study also showed that the wind speed in Iraq reaches 8 m per second in the center and south of the country. The study presents wind energy activities in Iraq, and the Iraqi government’s attempts to use wind energy. Renewable energy in general, and wind energy in particular.
Keywords: Ed wind turbines, Iraqi, Modeling, Simulation, Weather, conditions
Design, analysis and fabrication of a fully articulated helicopter main rotor system (Published)
This study describes an integrated framework in which the basic elements of Aerospace Engineering (performance, aerodynamics and structure) and functional elements (suspension, visibility and production) are integrated and considered. In this study, a fully functional rotor system has been fabricated that can be used as one of the training resources for Aeronautical students. For making the rotor system, various parts of the system have been designed on Solidworks and complete mechanism has been simulated with ANSYS. System analysis has been done at various RPM’s and Angles of Attack (AOA). In terms of merit the right items have been selected and processed to provide them with the right shape. In terms of the design and implementation, various machines such as gas welding, arc welding, CNC milling and radial machinery have been used. Certain parts such as electric motors, linear actuators and loading cells have been used. All the fabricated components and electric motor, actuator, load cells are then assembled. This rotor system can produce less lift due to high dead weight and low power motor and having some safety issues.
Keywords: Fabrication, Simulation, appropriate material design, force calculation, rotor mechanism