Emotional Intelligence and Risk-Taking Ability Among Enterpreneurs in Akwa Ibom State (Published)
This study investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and entrepreneurial risk-taking ability among entrepreneurs in Akwa Ibom State. A total of 392 respondents participated, with a fairly balanced gender distribution (51.53% male, 48.47% female), and a majority (54.08%) operating micro-scale businesses. Findings revealed high levels of emotional intelligence across all dimensions, with motivation (M = 3.92) and social skills (M = 3.88) ranking highest. Similarly, respondents demonstrated considerable risk-taking tendencies, particularly in pursuing new market opportunities (M = 3.84) and making quick decisions (M = 3.78). Pearson correlation analysis indicated that all dimensions of EI were significantly and positively correlated with risk-taking ability, with motivation showing the strongest correlation (r = 0.55, p < 0.001). A t-test revealed that male entrepreneurs exhibited significantly higher risk-taking tendencies than females (t = 2.89, p = 0.004). ANOVA results further showed significant differences in risk-taking based on business size (F = 8.45, p < 0.001), suggesting that the scale of operations influences entrepreneurial risk behaviors. Regression analysis showed that EI accounted for 37% of the variance in risk-taking (R² = 0.37), with motivation (β = 0.30, p < 0.001) emerging as the strongest predictor. Based on these findings, the study recommended that entrepreneurship development programs in Akwa Ibom State integrate emotional intelligence training—particularly in motivation and social skills—to enhance calculated risk-taking and improve business outcomes among entrepreneurs.
Keywords: Akwa Ibom State, Emotional Intelligence, Entrepreneurs, Motivation, risk-taking
Gender and Innovative Behaviors of Male and Female Entrepreneurs in Akwa Ibom State (Published)
This research was designed to examine the relationship between Gender and innovative behaviour in Uyo metropolis. Survey research design was adopted for the study and a sample size of 200 respondents was drawn. For the objective of the study to be achieved, two hypotheses were formulated. The major instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire administered to the respondent using purposive simple techniques. Data collected were analysed using descriptive analysis and Pear Product Moment correlation. Results show that there is a significant correlation between male and female entrepreneur and innovative behaviour. Based on the finding of the study, it was concluded that male and female entrepreneurs in Akwa Ibom State do not only possessed the factors that motivate entrepreneurs, but they also exhibit the some innovative behaviours. Also a well-structured plan in a firm will have a long-run and stable effect on organization and employee fulfilment. Consequently, it is recommended that the organization should make provision for training and development of their staff in line with today’s management commitment concept in order to improve employee on work skill.
Citation: Ben Isaiah Peter (2022) Gender and Innovative Behaviors of Male and Female Entrepreneurs in Akwa Ibom State, European Journal of Business and Innovation Research, Vol.10, No.2, pp., 60-79
Keywords: Entrepreneurs, Gender, Innovative Behaviour, male and female
MARKETING PRACTICES OF SMALL & MEDIUM SIZE ENTERPRISES: A CASE STUDY OF SME’S IN MULTAN DISTRICT (Published)
Small and Medium Size Enterprises are the backbone of every major economy and empirical studies prove that small firms are more efficient and innovative in their operation, product development and marketing strategies. The objective of this research study is to analyze marketing practices (strategies) of Small and Medium Size Enterprises running entrepreneurs in Multan.This study is qualitative in nature in which we have studied the major characteristics of selected Small and Medium Size Enterprises. Primary Data was collected through a structured questionnaire by having interviews with the entrepreneurs. At least thirteen Small Medium Size Enterprises operating in Multan District were selected as a sample of study and a formal questionnaire was prepared. A field survey method was applied and faced to faced interviews were recorded to analyze the marketing strategies of SME’s. The evidences show that SME’s under study achieved success and established their names and brands through innovations. Their innovations were in the shape of unique designs that not only meet the need of customers. Their services are innovative in a sense that they satisfy the customers. Thus our consistent with previous studies which pinpoint that small medium enterprise are innovative and more efficient than large firms.
Keywords: Entrepreneurs, Innovation, Marketing, SMEs