The Influence of Mergers and Acquisitions on Financial Performance and Stock Return of Indonesian Banks (Published)
Business environment has changed rapidly due to dynamic changes in the current global era. Merger and acquisition activities are not a new phenomenon in the business world, and it’s an important business phenomenon. One of the changes that can be seen from the merger and acquisition activities are company’s financial performance and stock return. The purpose of this study is to analyze banks financial performance with financial ratios before and after mergers and acquisitions, analyze the effect of mergers and acquisitions on bank financial performance and analyze the factors that influence the success of mergers and acquisitions. This research used Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test and Wilcoxon test and logistic regression. The results showed that ROA, OER, NPL, NIM and LDR improved after mergers and acquisitions. Mergers and acquisitions also affect the differences in ROA, OER, NPL, NIM, and LDR before and after mergers and acquisitions. Factors that affect the success of mergers and acquisitions are foreign ownership, acquisition percentage and firm size when viewed the success of merger and acquisition from bank’s ability to increase its net profit. In addition, when viewed from the stock returns obtained factors that affect the success of a merger and acquisition are foreign ownership, the percentage of acquisitions and industry relatedness.
Keywords: Financial Performance, Merger and Acquisition., Stock Return
Internal Control and Financial Performance of Hospitality Organisations in Rivers State (Published)
In the recent past, a number of organisations across the world failed irrespective of internal controls. This has raised concerns about the relevance and influence of internal control, especially as it affects the financial performance of an organisation. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of internal control on financial performance of hospitality organisations (HOs) in Rivers State. The survey research design was adopted for this study. The population of the study was made up of all HOs operating in Rivers State. Convenience sampling technique was adopted in selecting twenty HOs that constitute the sample of this study. Data collection was done primarily using structured questionnaire and secondarily through journals, textbooks and the internet. The questionnaire was validated by senior academic and professional colleagues. The reliability index of the instrument was 0.765 obtained using the Cronbach Alpha technique. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics of percentages, means and standard deviations. Linear regression and correlation analysis were used in testing the hypotheses postulated. The investigation found that internal controls to a significant extent influence financial performance of HOs and that a positive relationship exist between internal control and financial performance of HOs in Rivers State. The study concluded that the control environment affects total revenue as such influences the financial performance of HOs, its non-existence or inadequacy may spell doom for an orgainsation. One of the recommendations made was that management of HOs should regularly upgrade their information and communication framework to enable them cope with the frequent changes in the global environment and as such improve their financial performance.
Keywords: Control Environment, Financial Performance, Information and Communication, Internal control, Risk Assessment
Corporate Board Size, Risk Management and Financial Performance of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria (Published)
This study examined the effect of corporate board size, risk management on financial performance of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria for the period of 2011-2016. The population of the study is fifteen (15) listed deposit money banks in Nigeria out of which a sample of fourteen (14) were used for the study due to the accessibility and availability of data. Corporate board size and risk management as the independent variable was proxy with numbers of board of directors, liquidity risk, credit risk and operating risk, while the return on equity(ROE) and earnings per share (EPS) were used to proxy financial performance. Data were collected from secondary source through the annual report and account of the banks for the period under study and the data was analysed using multiple panel regression techniques. The findings reveal that board size, credit risk and operating risk are significant negative effect on return on equity (ROE) and earnings per share (EPS) respectively. The study also shows that liquidity risk is negative and insignificant effect on ROE and EPS of the study banks in Nigeria. It is recommended among others that the banks should regulate their risk management practices and ensure they minimize the non-performing loan as it has been found empirically to reduce the quality of the firm’s financial performance. They should also reduce their operational cost for better performance
Keywords: Banks’, Corporate board size, Financial Performance, Nigeria, Risk Management
The Relationship of the Capital Structure and Financial Performance: Empirical Evidence of Listed Banks in Thailand (Published)
This paper aims to determine the relationship between capital structure and banks’ performance in Thailand. We utilize the quarterly data set containing firm-specific characteristics and profitability from 1997 to 2016. By employing the random effect model and robustness check to tackle the endogeneity problem, the result proves that capital structure is significant and negatively correlated with profitability which implies that pecking order theory is valid in data set used. Moreover, credit risk and liquidity risk significantly decrease the financial performance. Based on the result and the theoretical background, this paper would like to suggest that governments and banks should focus on controlling the credit process to reduce the non-performing loans. Moreover, they should pay attention to the fund allocation to avoid the shortage of funding which may be costly to banks. Also, while improving banks’ financial performance, banks’ managers should be aware of over utilizing debt which reduces banks’ profitability.
Keywords: Capital Structure, Financial Performance, Thai Banks
Effect of Intellectual Capital on Financial Performance of Banks in Nigeria (Published)
This paper appraised the effect of intellectual capital on financial performance of firms in Nigeria using the banking industry. The research used the Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) to ascertain the extent that intellectual capital indices affect financial performance of three Nigeria. Data were collected from the published annual financial statements of the three banks and analyzed using regression tool. The study indicates that IC has a positive and significant effect on banks’ financial performances of the banks but some are not significant. The results further showed that the banks are statistically different in both the intellectual capital and its financial performance indicators. It also shows that the banks with high IC also show high financial performance. The study recommends banks in Nigeria invest vigorously in development of their human capital as a key driver of firm’s performance. They should also provide the infrastructures needed for to achieve a virile human capital in the system.
Keywords: Financial Performance, Gross Earnings., Intellectual Capital, Return on Assets, Return on Equity
Impact of Working Capital Management on Firm’s Profitability: A Case from Food Sector of Pakistan (Published)
The main aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between working capital management (WCM) and firm’s profitability in the Food sector of Pakistan. WCM plays an important role in firm’s financial management decisions. An optimal (WCM) is expected to contribute positively to the creation of firm’s value and enhancement of its profitability. Return on assets (ROA) is used as dependent variable while different independent variables are also used. Working capital, current asset to total asset ratios’ debt to equity ratio, current ratio and capital size of the firm are used independent variables. These variables are also used to investigate their effect on profitability (net income). A sample size of 5 major food companies in Pakistan has been selected from balance sheet analysis of state bank of Pakistan for a period of five years, from 2012 to 2016. The relationship between (WCM) efficiency and profitability is examined using correlation, regression analyses. The results show a strong positive significant relationship between (WCM) and firm’s profitability in Pakistan’s Food sector.
Keywords: Financial Performance, Food sector, Return on Assets, Working capital.
Effect of Social and Environmental Performance Financial Performance of the Company (Published)
The purpose of this study is an attempt to explain the test empirically, social performance and environmental performance to financial performance (relevant, accurate, timely and complete) to develop a theoretical framework as the basis for the hypothesis as an answer to the research question, namely, the extent to which mamana: ( 1) the effects of social performance against the financial performance, (2) the effect on the environment performance to financial performance. Corporate social responsibility or Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an idea that makes the company no longer faced with the responsibility that rests on a single bottom line is the value of the company is reflected in its financial condition, but the responsibility of the company should be based on the triple bottom lines which also pay attention to the dimensions of economic, social and environment that will guarantee the value of the company to grow in a sustainable manner.
Keywords: Environmental Performance, Financial Performance, Social Performance
An Assessment of the Factors That Affect the Financial Performance of the Cross-Listed Companies in the Rwanda Stock Exchange (Published)
This research study entitled An Assessment of the Factors that Affect the Financial Performance of the Cross-Listed Companies in the Rwanda Stock Exchange aimed at assessing the factors that affect the financial performance of the cross listed companies on the RSE. As a guidance, the research examined the relationship between the level of awareness of the market by the public and the financial performance of cross-listed companies in RSE, assessed how the regulation framework affect the financial performance of the cross-listed companies on the RSE feature, and finally determined how technology affects the performance of cross-listed companies. The companies under consideration were the primary stakeholder of the RSE totalling to 14 firms which included Capital Market Authority, Rwanda Stock Exchange, the 9 brokerage firms and the 3 cross listed firms in the RSE employing 97 workers. Through a descriptive survey design, a sample size of 67 participants were selected from the 97 workers and 100 other informants identified purposively and their responses to various data collection tools particularly questionnaires and interview guides captured for analysis. The data were analysed through Hermeneutics, Thematic analysis, and Multiple Regression techniques to answer the questions that the research ventured out to investigate. The result of the analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between awareness and financial performance of the firms, regulation framework was positive and significant with r (67) = .684, P = .037, while technology correlated with r = .506, p = .094. Market capitalization of the domestic companies was larger than that of cross-listed, and return on equity of the domestic firms was better than for the cross-listed companies. Generally the cross-listed companies did not perform any better than the domestic firms though overall the public awareness, technology and regulation framework positively correlated with financial performance of the cross-listed firms. The recommendation is that more awareness strategy needed to be devised so as to increase public awareness of investors and cross-listing companies need to be motivated by other factors other than making profits when choosing.
Keywords: Capital market, Financial Performance, Market Capitalization, Rwanda, profit, stock exchange
Information Technology, Audit Evidence and Financial Performance of an Organization (Published)
Financial information is expected to inform its stakeholders about an organization concerning the best objective decision making options. Most financial statements appear misleading occasioned by inappropriate application of discretionary accruals which falsify financial information. It is on this note that the research was carried out to further investigate the assertion. The research design adopted seventy (70) manufacturing companies contained in the stock exchange fact book of 2013 .The basis of this selection was on companies industrial output on yearly ratings by Manufacturing Association of Nigeria (MAN). The period of study covered seven years i.e. 2007 to 2013. In the Nigerian Stock Exchange Calendar, 2007 marked the end of the period of boom in stock trading after which the stock market experienced a near collapse in the stock prices to date. Findings revealed that the combination of electronic and manual sources of evidence complemented by the audit committee oversight function have positive significant effects on the financial performance of companies. Specifically, audit committee was found to have significant impact on financial performance of the entities via effective corporate governance. In particular, boards of firms that have functional and effective audit committee appear to have effectively oversee the financial transactions of the firms, and managers generally agree to comply with the board directives as prescribed. The evidence confirmed that audit committee, when constituted mostly of independent or non-executive directors, have a restraining effect on unauthorized actions of executive managers. It was concluded that the complementary role of IT, audit evidence and audit committee, ensure effective financial disclosure and by extension the financial position of an organization. It was therefore recommended that to ensure credibility of financial statement performance, the application of IT, audit evidence and the contribution of the audit committee be handled professionally. These should also be disclosed appropriately in the financial statement.
Keywords: Audit Committee, Audit Evidence, Financial Performance, Information Technology
EVALUATING THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF BANKS USING FINANCIAL RATIOS- A CASE STUDY OF ERBIL BANK FOR INVESTMENT AND FINANCE (Published)
This study investigates the financial performance of Erbil Bank for Investment and Finance, Kurdistan Region of Iraq during the period of 2009-2013. Several financial performance parameters are used such as financial ratios analysis which is used to measure the financial position for the bank and on broader range statistical tools also have been used for analysis purpose of several variables which would affect the banking system in general in order to know whether these variables are significantly correlated with the financial performance for the bank. The findings of the study show the positive behaviour of the financial position for Erbil Bank and some of their financial factors variables influence the financial performance for the bank. Then, it is found that the overall financial performance of Erbil Bank is improving in terms of liquidity ratios, assets quality ratios or credit performance, profitability ratios (NPM, ROA, ROE). This study suggests a set of recommendations regarding the development and enhancing of some banking operations which will boost the bank’s profitability and improve the financial performance for the bank
Keywords: Case Study, Erbil Bank, Evaluating, Financial Performance, Financial Ratios