Determinants of Sports Growth as Correlates of Sport Development in Secondary Schools in North East Senatorial District of Akwa lbom State (Published)
National sport development evolves from growth in school sports, which is the home for talent identification and development. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the determinants of sports growth as correlates of development in secondary schools in the North East Senatorial District of Akwa Ibom State. Two research questions were raised and Two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The study adopted the correlational research design. The population of the study comprised 653 students in the various school sports teams in government-owned secondary schools in the North East Senatorial District of Akwa Ibom State. A sample of 385 students was selected for the study using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Two researcher-made instruments titled “Determinants of Sports Growth in Secondary Schools Questionnaire” (DSGSSQ) and Sport Development Questionnaire (SDQ) were used in collecting data for the study. The instruments were subjected to face validation by three experts. Internal consistency reliability was conducted for the study and the reliability coefficient was determined using Cronbach Alpha statistics, which yielded a coefficient of .83 and 0.79 for the DSGSSQ and SDQ respectively. Data collected for the study were analyzed using simple regression. The R and R2-values were used to answer the research questions while F-ratio was used to test the hypotheses. The finding of the study indicated that the availability of sports facilities, and sports personnel are all determinants of sports development in secondary schools in Akwa Ibom North East Senatorial District. It was concluded that the availability of sports facilities and sports personnel are determinants of sports development in secondary schools in the North East Senatorial District of Akwa Ibom State. It was recommended among others that all secondary schools in the North East Senatorial District of Akwa Ibom State should be equipped with sports facilities to enable students to practice with the right facility, which will ensure sport development.
Keywords: Akwa lbom State, Determinants, North East senatorial district, Secondary Schools, sport development, sports growth
Principals’ Leadership Styles as Determinants of Business Studies Teachers’ Job Performance In Junior Secondary Schools in Edo State, Nigeria (Published)
The study focused on principals’ leadership styles as determinants of business studies teachers’ job performance in Junior Secondary Schools in Egor Local Government Area (L.G.A.) of Edo State. Four research questions were raised and answered. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The population comprised 46 business studies teachers (34 females and 12 males) from thirteen junior secondary schools in Egor L.G.A. All the population was used as sample for the study since the population was manageable. A 21-item structured questionnaire was used to collect data. A 4 point rating scale of Very High Extent (VHE), High Extent (HE), Low Extent (LE) and Very Low Extent (VLE) with assigned values of 4, 3, 2, and 1 respectively were adopted. The instrument was subjected to face validity by three experts. A reliability coefficient of 0.76 was obtained using Cronbach alpha statistics. The research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation. The study revealed that business studies teachers’ job performance in Egor L.G.A. is low. It was recommended among others, that principals should employ and vary diverse leadership styles to suit different situations, as the needs arise, use appropriate leadership styles to influence the government for provision of instructional facilities/materials for the teaching of Business studies subjects which is practically oriented instead of teaching it theoretically; that business studies teachers should be given opportunity to undergo in-service training to enable them acquire new knowledge and skills for effective performance of their jobs, among others.
Keywords: Determinants, Job, Leadership Styles, Performance
Determinants of Teacher Motivation and Job Performance at Senior High Schools in Greater Accra Region, Ghana (Published)
This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting teacher motivation and job performance/productivity at senior high schools in the Greater Accra region, Ghana. The study is quantitative in nature and survey approach was employed to gather data from 676 respondents out of sample size of 700. Descriptive statistical test as well as Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmation Factor Analysis were used to analyze the data obtained from the respondents. In addition, tools such as mean, standard deviation, frequency and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) were employed. The study found that motivations of teachers are low due to the lack of such variables as medical allowance, accommodation allowance, pension scheme, career advancement, recognition and low level of salary compare to their colleagues with the same qualifications in other government’s institutions and this is impacting negatively on their job performance. It was suggested by the teachers that major paradigm shift in Ghana education policies in connection to factors such as school governance, remuneration, safety and security, as well as assessments and evaluations needed to be revised for an improved performance.
Keywords: Determinants, Ghana, Job Performance, Motivation, Senior High Schools, Teacher
On-Field Sports Spectatorship and Patronage: A Sociological X-Ray of Its Determinants for Effective Sports Management in Developing Countries (Published)
The critical and sociological insight on the on-field sports spectatorship and patronage in any society is important in sport studies especially for effective sports management. The on-field sports spectatorship and patronage can be influenced by diverse societal forces or determinants such as spectator’s level of interest, motivation and involvement in sports; type of sports involved; type/level of sports participants; safety and security in and around sports venues; ticket, ticketing and ticket dynamics for sports; finance and income level of sports consumers; publicity and media coverage of sports; crowd control mechanism at sports venues; social influencers and significant others in sports; means and distance to sports venues; purpose of sports meet; level and type of officials and officiating; composition of spectators or sports crowd; sponsors of sports events; stage of the sports competition; level and quality of sports organization; spectators’ past sports experience; establishing social contacts with sports personalities at sports venues; servicescape and sportscape of the sports facility; location of the sports venue; sports history of players, teams or clubs; sports schedule in terms of day and time; sports violence and hooliganism; intrinsic quest for sports entertainment; weather condition; sports culture of the society, and demographic characteristics of sports consumers. It was suggested among others that Ministry of Sports and sports organizations should boost the sports interest of spectators, motivate and sensitize them on the need for on-field sports spectatorship and to patronize sports. Sports organizers should consider the type of sports programme to package for spectators.
Keywords: Determinants, Patronage, Sports Management, Sports Spectatorship, developing countries