Antioxidant and Phytochemical Concentration of the Methanol Extract the Leave and Stem of the Two Common Varieties of Mangifera Indica. (Published)
Phytochemical and antioxidant concentration was determined two common varieties of the stem, and leaves of Mangifera indica that was collected in the school environment in Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria. The plant sample of each variety where labeled based on their Varieties common name (Opioro mango and Sweet mango) and method of extraction. After extraction, they were further concentrated and subjected to antioxidant and phytochemical analysis, which include phenol, flavonoid, saponins, alkaloid and DPPH assay. The result obtain from this study revealed that methanol is an effective method of preparation of plants sample varieties studied and also, plant varieties significantly showed inhibition of the dpph radicals. In comparism among all extract, methanol extract of opioro (MOL) mango leaves was highest in phenol content (7.55±0.077mg/g), methanol extract of sweet mango stem (MSS) revealed high total flavonoid content (309.45±16.99), while methanol extract of opioro mango stem (MOS) showed significant concentration of saponin (40.847±1.276) and these findings support the use of M. indica extracts for pharmaceutical purposes.
Keywords: Mangifera indica, Phytochemical, antioxidant properties
Phytochemical And Antimicrobial Activity of Neem Seed Oil (Azadirachta Indica) On Bacteria Isolates (Published)
Antibacterial activity of neem (Azadirachta indica) seed oil extract was investigated using microbial growth inhibition zone. The neem seed oil was obtained by the cold extraction method using ethanol as an organic solvent of which 42ml of oil was obtained from 70g of neem seeds, with 40g (57%) of residue. Oil extracted was screened for its antibacterial properties and phytochemical components. The test organisms used were Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi had the highest zones of inhibition while Escherichia coli had the least zone of inhibition. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. The Phytochemical screening of the sample revealed the presence of Tannin, Alkaloid and Hydrogen cyanide.
Keywords: Antibacterial, Inhibition, Phytochemical, extract, neem
INVESTIGATION ON THE MEDICINAL AND NUTRITIONAL POTENTIALS OF SOME VEGETABLES CONSUMED IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA (Published)
Nine medicinally important vegetables consumed in Ekiti State, Nigeria were analyzed to determine their proximate and phytochemical contents using standard analytical procedure. These vegetables are Corchorus. olitorious L., Cnidoscolus acontifolius Mill., Vernonia amygdalina L., Cucurbita pepo L., Ocimum gratissimum L., Senecio biafrae Olive & Heirn., Moringa oleifera L., Telfaria occidentalis Hook. F. and Hibiscus asper Hook. F.. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of reducing sugar in all the plant samples analyzed. Saponins and tannins were discovered in four of the plant samples. Seven of the nine plants have philobatannins and cardiac glycosides while alkaloids and steroids were detected in two samples. Anthroquinine was absent in all the vegetable plants. Quatitative phytochemical analysis further revealed reducing sugar, tannins, flavonoids, saponins alkanoids and phenols composition in different proportions, with values ranging from 141.88 mg/100g to 210.07 mg/100g, 44.05 mg/100g to 70.89 mg/100g, 11.71 mg/100g to 41.08 mg/100g, 0.76 mg/100g to 5.88 mg/100g, 163.77 mg/100g to 269.86 mg/100g, and 110.43 mg/100g to 116.68 mg/100g respectively. The percentage proximate values for moisture content, ash, crude fat, crude protein crude fibre and carbohydrate content in the leaves ranged from 50.20% to 88.30%, 7.67% to 10.17%, 1.53% to 4.99%, 13.70% to 24.90%, 10.10% to 21.81% and 40.99% to 53.04% respectively. The results of the study lend credence to the significance of the nine vegetables in the treatments and prevention of various ailments and diseases. Furthermore, high protein, fibre, carbohydrates and low fat contents justify their nutritional importance in human daily diet.
Keywords: Phytochemical, Proximate, Vegetables, medicinal plants