Corporate Entrepreneurship Levels in the Midst of Rwandan Enterprises (Published)
Rwanda has for all intents and purposes a mixed economy. The Rwandan government envisions creating a middle-income, knowledge-based society with middle class of entrepreneurs as the moral fiber of development progression. Various scholars have argued that for enterprises to be competitive, they need to undergo corporate entrepreneurship. Whereas others have defined corporate entrepreneurship as a term used to describe entrepreneurial behaviour inside established mid-size and large organisation. For corporations to improve: Entrepreneurial intensity is required. Entrepreneurial intensity (EI) is considered to be of supreme substance for success of corporate enterprises. To help researchers and lecturers blend the growing body of knowledge, this paper investigates the EI principles of innovativeness, proactiveness, risk-taking, entrepreneurial management style and perceptions to whether have an impact on corporate entrepreneurship (CE) among enterprises in Rwanda. A mixed method approach using qualitative and quantitative approach was employed for testing the hypotheses. In-depth interviews with 156 top executives of well known enterprises in Rwanda were conducted. The interview findings indicated that CE was found to be lacking in diverse enterprises consequently several businesses have struggled to keep up profitability. Thus, the paper seeks to address this gap. Furthermore, the paper provides directions and suggestive thoughts for future research
Keywords: Corporate entrepreneurship, Innovativeness, Rwanda, entrepreneurial intensity, entrepreneurial management style, model for entrepreneurial development, proactiveness, risk-taking
The Role of Financial Literacy on Loan Repayment among Small and Medium Entrepreneurs in Rwanda Case Study: Urwego Opportunity Bank (Published)
The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of financial literacy on loan repayment in Rwanda because previous research suggests that many people lack the skills needed to calculate expected returns or present discounted values, which may cause them to make suboptimal financial decision and yet financial literacy skills enable individuals to navigate the financial world, make informed decisions about their money and minimize their chances of being misled on financial matters. The research was focused on small and medium entrepreneurs in Urwego Opportunity Bank. The researcwh was significant in various ways to individuals/bank clients, investors. Financial literacy therefore is regarded as one of the strategies used by bankers to provide knowledge and skills needed to change attitude and attract more potential users of agent banking. Financial literacy levels amongst SMEs are far too low to deal with the complexities of the matter. The quality of financial information available for financing institutions is rather poor. Credits decisions become difficult and collateral requirements as well as interest rates are high, substantially aggravating access to credit. Controlling the Loan Book is equally difficult. Indeed, banks in Rwanda are increasingly facing non-performing-loans particularly from SMEs. The impacts on the Rwandan economy – almost 90% of all enterprises in Rwanda are micro-enterprises, according to a recent PSF business. The combinations of smaller en¬terprises without access to cash to grow their business and banks, which are increasingly reluctant to lend to smaller clients, hamper much needed economic and social development
Keywords: Financial literacy, Loan Repayment Small and Medium Entrepreneurs, Opportunity Bank, Rwanda, Urwego
REPORTING OF NON-FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE DECISIONS TAKEN IN PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS IN RWANDA: CASE STUDY NORHERN PROVINCE (Published)
This study aimed at analysing the role of reporting non-financial information in the decision making of private institutions in Rwanda. A conceptual framework indicating interaction between variables was drawn. The independent variable that is Reporting of non-financial information was measured by environmental reporting, governance reporting, sustainability and employee satisfaction. The dependent variable that is decision making was measured by increase in market share, customer satisfaction, quality management, environmental protection. A positivism and phenomenological approach was used in the study. A multi-strategy that triangulates different research strategies was adopted. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources using questionnaires, interviews and on desk research. A population of 20 companies was taken from which 12 companies were selected purposively. Results indicated that non-financial information plays a very important role in the decision making. Results revealed that non-financial information helps managers in making decisions about market share, quality management, and environment protection. Based on the results the researcher concluded that non-financial information should be part and partial of management reports. In the view of the importance of financial information in the decision as indicated by various scholars in the previous studies, coupled with the increased importance of non-financial information, the researcher developed a balanced scorecard model that integrates both financial and non-financial information in the decision making of private institutions
Keywords: Decisions Taken, Non-Financial Information, Private Institutions, Rwanda