How to write Qualitative research (Published)

Scientific research is aimed at providing a solution(s) to a certain problem based on observable evidence. Generally, there are novel approaches that a research design can be formulated. However, research approaches have been broadly categorized into either qualitative research or quantitative research. Each of these approaches attempts to answer a particular question and may address issues which are related or unrelated. Initially, qualitative research was widely used but in recent past, quantitative research has gained significant attention considering its robustness. Mostly, qualitative research is exploratory and hence generalization cannot be made. The current study is aimed at exploring the tenets of qualitative research and how quality qualitative papers can be produced. It provides a chronological order of qualitative research from abstract to a conclusion and what is required in each step. The study uses cross-examination of kinds of literature that explored a qualitative approach. The results of this study will have both the education as well as policy implication.

Citation: Bakhtyar Ahmed Mohammed (2021) How to write Qualitative research, International Journal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods, Vol.9, No.3, pp.1-6,

Keywords: Research, Scientific Research, abstract, qualitative, title

An Association Rule General Analytic System (ARGAS) for hypothesis testing in qualitative and quantitative research (Published)

This paper describes an Association Rule General Analytic System (ARGAS) as an alternative to the General Linear Model (GLM) for hypothesis testing.  We illustrate how the ARGAS can be used to analyze both qualitative and quantitative research data. The advantages of the ARGAS approach derives from the fact that it is designed to analyze words or numbers that are converted into words.  Unlike the GLM, it does not have any distributional assumptions.  Association rule calculations are well-developed and there are a variety of computer software applications available that expedite the computations. The purpose of this study is to illustrate how the ARGAS can be applied and how to interpret the results.

Keywords: ARGAS, GLM, Pattern Recognition, association rule analysis, hypothesis testing, qualitative, quantitative

An Association Rule General Analytic System (ARGAS) for hypothesis testing in qualitative and quantitative research (Published)

This paper describes an Association Rule General Analytic System (ARGAS) as an alternative to the General Linear Model (GLM) for hypothesis testing.  We illustrate how the ARGAS can be used to analyze both qualitative and quantitative research data. The advantages of the ARGAS approach derives from the fact that it is designed to analyze words or numbers that are converted into words.  Unlike the GLM, it does not have any distributional assumptions.  Association rule calculations are well-developed and there are a variety of computer software applications available that expedite the computations. The purpose of this study is to illustrate how the ARGAS can be applied and how to interpret the results.

Keywords: ARGAS, GLM, Pattern Recognition, association rule analysis, hypothesis testing, qualitative, quantitative

Reflecting on the Debates and Action of Mixed Methods Adoption in Business Research: Why Postgraduate Researchers Should Start Thinking This Way (Published)

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the philosophical arguments underpinning the choice of mixed method [MM] research design. However, the study concluded that mixing research methods in business research is important as it helps to strengthen findings and recommendations arising from a given research study. More so, we recommend for postgraduate researchers to rationalise their choice of mixing methods based on complementarities, research priority, purpose and the implementation of findings and not on the basis of philosophical ontology and epistemology. This has been found to be the reason underpinning the much-lauded arguments in the adoption of mix methods

Keywords: Concurrent, Mixed Methods, Sequential, qualitative, quantitative

Analysing Qualitative Data Using Facial Expressions in an Educational Scenario (Published)

In communication, both verbal and non-verbal means ensure that a message is conveyed, and facial expressions are acknowledged as one of the most influential factors in non-verbal communication. Facial Analysis Coding System (FACS) is a tool to analyse data other than the spoken language to improve a researcher’s reading of an interviewee’s emotions, and proposes a methodology to support the annotation process of facial expressions in a piece of communication. This study investigates an applied framework for FACS in an educational scenario. The study combines both the computerised and manual entries in the applied method. The study addresses the challenges, findings and recommendations of this applied method. 

Keywords: Emotions, Facial Expression, Non-Verbal, Reliability, Software, qualitative

Phenomenological Research, a Reflex Account (Published)

The aim of this article is to understand qualitative research particularly phenomenology in context. Phenomenology is a qualitative approach widely used in education and health. In this article we have compared phenomenology with other qualitative approaches. Furthermore, the authors of this paper have explained major types of phenomenological research. Finally, this article discusses the data analysis framework.

Keywords: Analysis, phenomenology, qualitative, types