Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Skills Competency among Nurses and Adequacy of Resuscitation Equipment in Tertiary Health Institutions: A Systematic Review (Published)
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a critical life-saving intervention for cardiac arrest. Nurses are often the first responders to in-hospital cardiac arrest, yet their skills competency and the availability of resuscitation equipment remain major concerns, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as Nigeria. The study evaluated evidence on CPR skills competency among nurses and the adequacy of resuscitation equipment in tertiary health institutions, with a focus on Nigeria and comparable settings, and to identify gaps relevant to Ekiti State. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and African Journals Online were searched from January 1, 2015, to March 31, 2026, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. A narrative synthesis was conducted due to heterogeneity. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria (12 cross-sectional, 2 cohort, and 1 mixed-method audit). CPR skills competency among nurses was generally low to moderate. Estimates indicated that only 28–45% of nurses performed correct compression depth (≥5 cm), 35–50% achieved a correct compression rate (100–120/min), and 30–55% demonstrated proper bag-valve-mask ventilation technique. Competency deteriorated significantly within 3–6 months of training. Simulation-based training improved skills by 30–50% post-intervention, but decay was rapid. Equipment audits revealed that defibrillators were available in 67–100% of intensive care units but only 20–45% of general wards. Bag-valve-masks were available in 80–95% of ICUs versus 40–60% of wards. Only 20% of Nigerian referral hospitals had a cardiac arrest response team, 21% documented CPR events, and 21% conducted event reviews. Equipment non-functionality ranged from 15% to 40%. Common barriers included absence/unpreparedness of equipment (mean barrier score 2.53/3) and incorrect device use (2.47/3). No studies from Ekiti State were identified, and only one study examined the relationship between equipment availability and nurses’ CPR performance. Substantial gaps exist in nurses’ CPR skills competency and resuscitation equipment availability/adequacy in Nigerian tertiary institutions and similar settings. Competency is low and decays rapidly; equipment is often unavailable outside ICUs. No evidence from Ekiti State was found, creating an urgent need for baseline assessment.
Keywords: CPR competency, Nigeria, Nurses, Systematic Review, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, resuscitation equipment, tertiary hospital
An Observational Analytical Molecular Neuropharmacological Research Study and a Descriptive Systematic Review on the Pharmacogenomic Mechanisms of Brain Organoids (Published)
Brain organoids recapitulate in vitro the specific stages of in vivo human brain development, thus offering an innovative tool by which to model human neurodevelopmental disease. Brain organoids can model congenital structural deficits or be subjected to environmental insult. This clinical research and systematic review was conducted for systematically exploring the molecular neuropharmacological and pharmacogenomic mechanisms of the brain organoids, with thorough explanations and analysis of the medical study literature and evidences compiled from the innumerous studies conducted, which explained the multi-dimensional pharmacomolecular significance of brain organoids. The objectives of this study were an observational analytical molecular neuropharmacological research study and a descriptive systematic review on the pharmacogenomic mechanisms of brain organoids.The mixed-method study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) Statement and Guidelines, 2009, described by the Cochrane Collaboration in June, 2016. At first, the steps of identification included the records which were identified through database searching and the additional records which were identified through other sources. This led to the steps of screening, which included the screened records after the duplicates were removed. From these screened records, few records were excluded, as per the exclusion criteria. Then, in the eligibility step, the full text articles were assessed for eligibility, from which few full text articles were excluded, according to the exclusion criteria, with adequate reasons. This led to the final inclusion step, where the studies were included in the qualitative synthesis of a systematic review, according to the inclusion criteria, and ultimately the studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. An observational analytical molecular neuropharmacological research study was also conducted. In this mixed-method study, the systematic review contributed 3086 refined and relevant medical records, among total 5612 records obtained from the study databases search. It also describes the molecular neuropharmacological and pharmacogenomic mechanisms of brain organoids, which elaborated this descriptive systematic review and observational analytical molecular pharmacological research study. To conclude, this clinical research and systematic review study provided the refined qualitatively synthesised medical records, study literature and databases, as well as a descriptive analysis on the pharmacogenomic mechanisms of brain organoids.
Keywords: Pharmacology, Systematic Review, brain organoids, molecular neuropharmacology, observational analytical clinical research., pharmacogenomics
An Observational Descriptive Analytical Research Study and a Systematic Review on the Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics of Alveolar Organoids (Published)
Stem cell-derived self-organizing three-dimensional organoids have emerged as a novel medical innovation to recapitulate respiratory diseases. This clinical research and systematic review was conducted for systematically reviewing the clinical pharmacotherapeutics of alveolar organoids, with thorough explanations and analyses of the medical study literature and evidence compiled from the different studies conducted, thus authenticating the multi-dimensional pharmacomolecular significance of alveolar organoids. The objective of this clinical research was an observational descriptive analytical research study and a systematic review on the clinical pharmacotherapeutics of alveolar organoids. The study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) Statement and Guidelines, 2009, described by the Cochrane Collaboration in June, 2016. At first, the steps of identification included the records which were identified through database searching and the additional records which were identified through other sources. This led to the steps of screening, which included the screened records, after the duplicates were removed. From these screened records, few records were excluded, as per the exclusion criteria. Then, in the eligibility step, the full text articles were assessed for eligibility, from which few full text articles were excluded, according to the exclusion criteria, with adequate reasons. This led to the final inclusion step, where the studies were included in the qualitative synthesis of a systematic review, according to the inclusion criteria, and ultimately the studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. An observational descriptive analytical research study was also conducted on the clinical pharmacotherapeutics of alveolar organoids. This systematic review, performed in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) Statement and Guidelines, 2009, described by the Cochrane Collaboration, June, 2016, contributed 28 refined and relevant medical records, among total 37 records obtained from the study databases search. It also describes and thoroughly analyses the clinical pharmacotherapeutics of alveolar organoids which validates, clarifies, and elaborates this clinical research and systematic review.To conclude, this clinical research and systematic review provided the refined qualitatively synthesised medical records, study literature and databases on the clinical pharmacotherapeutics of alveolar organoids, with an explanatory observational descriptive analysis.
Citation: Moumita Hazra (2022) An Observational Descriptive Analytical Research Study and a Systematic Review on the Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics of Alveolar Organoids, International Journal of Public Health, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Vol. 7, No.2, pp.1-8
Keywords: Pharmacology, Systematic Review, alveolar organoids, clinical pharmacotherapeutics, clinical research, observational descriptive analysis, respiratory medicine