Batik as Indonesian Public Diplomacy in ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) (Published)
This article describes there is a significant distinction between the development of diplomacy during the 19th and 20th century, which relies on the broader function of the non-state actors. Such a phenomenon is currently known as public diplomacy, in which all state government in the world employ this as a means to improve the country’s image. Public diplomacy is also considered as a soft power instrument of a country as the means of communication with the public of other countries pertaining to attitudes, institutions, cultures, national interests and policies of the country. Batik is an official cultural heritage of Indonesia declared by UNESCO as the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on October 2, 2009. Declared as the official cultural heritage of Indonesia, Indonesian government perceived this as an instrument to widespread Indonesian batik culture within global world. This is particularly in accordance with the establishment of ASEAN Economic Community considered by Indonesian government as the opportunity to introduce and improve the benefits of a state economically, through the exports of batik to ASEAN countries.
Keywords: AEC, Public diplomacy, batik, soft power
ROLE OF CHINESE LANGUAGE IN PAKISTAN CHINA RELATIONS (Published)
This article traces the foot prints of Chinese language diplomacy used a tool to enhance the existing bond of friendship between China and Pakistan, the oldest strategic allies in the region. The study explores government initiatives, academic programs and projects aimed at promoting Chinese language in Pakistan. The horizon of Chinese diplomacy in Pakistan is being expanded by teaching Chinese language utilizing online methods, distance learning system, regular classrooms and radio broadcasts technology. It highlights the various aspects of Pakistan China cooperation through the lens of Chinese Language diplomacy, and through the role of various organizations such as Confucius institute, China Radio International, Pakistan China Institute, National University of Modern Languages and Chinese embassy. The study is highly significant as it helps to know the strategic measures China is taking to strengthen the bilateral ties and enhancing people to people contacts through language diplomacy
Keywords: China Pakistan Relations, Chinese Language, Confucius institutes, Language and Communication, Public diplomacy, cultural engagement