Well Water Quality Assessment Using Water Quality Index in Warri Metropolis, Delta State, Nigeria (Published)
Well water samples from sixteen locations were collected and analysed within Warri metropolis to ascertain their quality using water quality index (WQI). The WQI was determined based on thirteen physico-chemical parameters. All the physico-chemical parameters of the well waters analysed were within standard regulatory limits. The water quality rating and water quality index (WQI) of the sixteen locations range from 23.61 (Ovwian) to 32.95 (Ugbomro) indicating the water quality to be of good quality. Most of the well water sampled are used for drinking purposes and as a result are provided with casing on the side called “rings” while the top is usually provided with a cover and are locked to prevent stray objects and other unwated materials from entering the well. This provides a good protection and prevention mechanisn for all the well waters. Overall the results indicate that the different well waters samples analysed from Warri Metropolis are safe for human consumptions therefore may not need further treatment.
Keywords: Parameters, Warri metropolis, Water Quality Index, physic-chemical, well water
INTEGRATED RISK ASSESSMENT USING CHRYSICHTHYS NIGRODIGITATUS: A CASE STUDY OF NEW CALABAR RIVER BASIN (Published)
The aim of this study was to assess human and ecological risk posed by water and sediment quality of New Calabar New (NCR) using Chrysicthys Nigrodigitatus. For this study, chemical- and bio-monitoring assessments were carried out in three sampling stations (Choba, Ogbogoro and Iwofe) of NCR. A Fish Consumption Survey (FCS) was also implemented to assess the risk of exposure of subsistence fishers from host communities of the sampling stations of NCR. Using data from FCS, mathematical models were used to charactconsumptionerize risk due to the consumption of fish. Chemical monitoring involved the assessment of pysico-chemical variables of water with an evaluation ofEnvironmental Water Quality Index (EWQI) and sediment quality. Biomonitoring involved the assessment of the edible part of fish tissue (skin and muscle) for chemicals of potential concern (COPC). Physico-chemical water analysis and set against SON benchmarks, results showed that temperature, pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen values were abnormal, while heavy metals and PAH were normal. The evaluated EWQI was marginal for NCR. Sediment quality showed slightly elevated PAH level at Ogbogoro station while heavy metals remain normal. Fish edibility study set against RfD benchmarks of USEPA, indicated a slightly elevated PAH, hence fish from NCR was unsafe for consumption. The FCS showed that an average of 1.2kg/day/ of C. Nigrodigitatus was consumed by respondent from NCR basin, with an age group range of 18-34 forming the highest consumers. HQ<1 for COPC, meaning their levels in the edible part of tissue are not acutely hazardous on consumption, but PAH, a carcinogenicchemicalforming part of the assessed COPC, showed a carcinogenic risk characterization of 1.4E-04, 1.3E-04 and 1.3E-04 respectively for subsistent fishers from Choba, Ogbogoro and Iwofe.
Keywords: Fish Consumption Survey, Integrated Risk Assessment, Water Quality Index, biomonitoring