The Speech Acts of Requests in Cameroon Francophone English (Published)
Cameroon Francophone English (CamFE) is a fast-growing sub-variety of English in Cameroon. The field of pragmatics and especially the speech acts of requests remain unexplored in this sub-variety of English. This paper aims to investigate the types of requests in CamFE, their structure, as well as the lexical and syntactic features. Data were collected through Discourse Completion Test (DCT) administered from some 40 students in the Department of English Language and Literature of the University of Maroua. The DCT was made up of six described situations, and 240 request utterances were elicited. The data were analysed through the coding scheme of the Cross-Cultural Speech Act Realisation Patterns propounded by Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984). The results of the study show that CamFE speakers have six types of request content structures established as S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6. The most preferred request strategy is the reference to preparatory conditions technique (81.67%) followed by the mood derivable technique (10%). In addition to this, the analysis further reveals that CamFE requests display some specific lexical and syntactic features.
Keywords: Cameroon Francophone English, Pragmatics, Requests, Speech Acts., varieties of English
Politeness in the English of Fulfulde Native Speakers in Maroua (Published)
This paper explores politeness in the English rendered by Fulfulde native speakers of Maroua. It investigates the politeness strategies they use in their English. It also examines specific ways of expressing politeness by these speakers. Insights were got from Brown and Levinson’s (1987) theory of politeness. Data were collected from Fulfulde native students in the department of English Language and Literature of the Faculty of Arts, Letters and Social Sciences (FALSS) in the University of Maroua. Data were elicited through discourse completion test (DCT) made up of eleven scenarios (six request scenarios and five apology scenarios) and tape recording of conversations. Three speech acts (requests, apologies and greetings) were analysed. Results show negative politeness strategies and please-request. Linguistic devices of sorry and address terms were also employed to emphasise apology. It was noticed that Fulfulde native speakers of English exhibit some culture-specific preferences in their way of expressing greetings.
Keywords: Apologies, Fulfulde Native, Greetings, Requests, Speakers of English, politeness