Pakistanization of English in Kamila Shamsie’s Kartography (Published)
This research work investigates the Pakistanization of English in Kamila Shamsie’s Kartography in the light of the structural models developed by Kachru (1983), and Baumgardner, Kennedy and Shamim (1993) in the context of World Englishes. The researcher has found that the text under study follows postcolonial ideology based on the exploitation of English language in the socio-cultural context of Pakistan. Shamsie has employed the techniques of hybrid innovations and lexical borrowing in order to Pakistanize the English language in Kartography. The research acknowledges Pakistani English, as an emerging independent variety of English with distinct linguistic features. However, the findings indicate that the frequency of regional words and expressions in the selected text is limited in numbers
Keywords: Hybrid Innovations, Kamila Shamsie’s Kartography, Lexical Gaps, Lexical borrowing, Pakistani English, Pakistanization of English