Item Difficulty in Item Analysis of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-IV) – Using Item Response Theory Approach (Published)
Measurement theories have gone through a lot of evolution; one of which is Item Response Theory, which is an improvement on the Classical Test Theory (CTT). This study looked into the difficulty status or difficulty parameter of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-IV). 512 subjects were randomly selected and administered the WPPSI-IV instrument. Findings from the study show that 241 items were good, 6 were easy, and 23 were difficult. It was therefore concluded that some items in the WPPSI-IV are adaptable and adoptable for use to measure children’s intelligence, age 7. It was recommended that WPPSI-IV is good enough and should therefore be administered to measure children’s intelligence approximately age 7. Also, it was recommended that the difficult and easy items could be replaced with better ones.
Keywords: Classical Test Theory, Intelligence, Item Response Theory, Measurement, Pupils.
Construction of Competitive Behavior Questionnaire (Published)
Competitive behavior questionnaire is an instrument that is used to determine how strongly individu competes in achieving certain superior targets. Competitive behavior is a behavior to achieve a superior position with respect to the personal targets to be addressed (Gracia, Tor & Schff, 2013). Theory of competitive behavior is developed from Cognitive Social theory, as a result of individual interaction, with its environment (Bandura, 1986). One form of competitive behavior is survival in studying at the level of undergraduate education. However, this competitive behavior has not been widely studied. Therefore, instrument that can be used as a tool is needed to find out appropriate competitive behavior of individuals. In this study, a competitive behavior questionnaire was prepared based on aspects of the drive to compete, the desire to achieve superior positions and self-representation. In total there are 14 aitems with validity score more than 0.30. The reliability score was 0.81.
Keywords: Competitive behavior, Measurement, Psychology, Questionnaire