rate law

Adsorption Dynamics Studies of Luffa Cylindrica Seeds Adsorbent Particulate size and Reactor Properties effects on Effluents Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions (Published)

Heavy metal pollutants present in our water body pose great threats to environment and human health due to their non-biodegradable and bio-accumulative nature This study explored the use of nitric acid–treated Luffa cylindrica seeds adsorbent in removal Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Cu²⁺ ions from aqueous stock solutions in a continuous fixed-bed system. The LC adsorbent was produced at a carbonation temperature of 105^oC and characterized using the Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analytical tool, of which the adsorbent surface area, pore volume, Pore diameter and bulk density were resulted as 23.971m²/g, 0.011cc/g, 2.402 nm, 0.034 g/cm³ respectively by the BET analysis, while the active binding sites where identified by FTIR and SEM. Effect of the LC loaded column adsorption height, injection flow rate and adsorbent particulate size on the adsorption efficiency of LC adsorbent was studied at varied injection fluid (SS) flow rate (5, 10, 15mL/min), the adsorbent bed height (5, 7.5, 10cm) and the initial concentration (5, 10, 15mg/L) defining their corresponding impacts on the Stock Solution (SS) pH, TDS, DO, COD, BOD, and the Ni-Cu-Zn ions amounts (ppm) when dynamically conveyed through Luffa Cylindrica Medium as a treatment measure. Results achieved form the ST treatment potency assessment of LC medium depicts that on the bases of the column loaded height effects, stock solution pH and DO increases proportionally with increase in adsorbent height, while TDS, BOD, COD, and Ni-Cu-Zn ions concentration in the ST reduces dynamically. While on the bases of injected stock solution flow rate  it was noticed that the pH and DO increases as the flow rate was within 5 ml/min, before reducing with increase in the fluid flow rate, but TDS, BOD, COD, and Ni-Cu-Zn ions concentration reduces as the stock solution reduces over a flow rate of 5/min after which the properties of water shows lesser recovery nature proportional to increase in the flow rate. The effects of the flow rate on the LC performance tends to be very similar to that experienced for the assessment of the LC adsorbent particulate size  effects on the system performance, though the flow rate effects tend to be more effective compared to that caused by increase in the particulate size of adsorbent.

Keywords: Daltons law of partial pressures, Environmental Pollution, Kinetics, Matlab., greenhouse gases (GHGs), material balance, methanol additive, rate law, reactor performance, space time

Mathematical Modeling and Process Simulation of Packed Bed Reactor for Methanol Synthesis from Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation (Published)

Due to increase in carbon footprint, and demands for effective sequestration of carbon dioxide for clean environment, this work focused on the kinetic and thermodynamic modeling of a packed bed reactor (PBR), for methanol production from CO₂ hydrogenation. The system kinetics and thermodynamics are being modelled via application of the fundamental principles of mass, energy and momentum at steady state with negligible catalytic effects, such that the space time, reactor’s length, volume, and heat transfer are structured as function of the concentration gradient of the system feed (CO₂ and H₂), such that depletion of the feed concentration into methanol act at proportionate bases to changes at the reactor performance parameters. Sensitivity of the mathematical models over the studied system were was achieved using MATLAB, and results depicts that increase in the fractional conversion of methanol production system promotes the depletion rate of CO₂ concentration from 87.3452 mol/m³ to 39.2105 mol/m³ with a change in the packed bed reactor (PBR) volume to 13.5155m³ at 99% fractional conversion of the system with a 1.4452m reactor’s length attained over 1.6413 min space time, yielding 94.29% methanol (MeOH) of 103.0486 mol/m³ concentration at exothermic (heat loss) bases. Results achieved from the sensitivity assessment of the developed kinetic and thermodynamic models were in agreement with most presented by other researchers on similar system though using different modeling techniques, which proves the accuracy of the developed models achieved in this work for methanol synthesis from CO₂ hydration in a PBR system.

Keywords: Daltons law of partial pressures, Environmental Pollution, Kinetics, Matlab., greenhouse gases (GHGs), material balance, methanol additive, rate law, reactor performance, space time