Entrepreneurship Development and Youth Employment in Nigeria: Perspectives on Selected Entrepreneurship Schemes (Published)
The study examined the relationship between entrepreneurship development and youth employment in Nigeria. It focused on two empowerment schemes: Youth Entrepreneurship Development Programme (YEDP) and Youth Initiative for Sustainable Agriculture in Nigeria (YISA). The nation’s unemployment record, especially among youth, is alarming. A National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) report in 2018 shows that, out of the 85million labour force in Nigeria, 34million are unemployed and underemployed youths, with 25million largely uneducated. The YEDP and YISA schemes were designed to train and make youths entrepreneurs that would be self-employed and also employ others. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to show that in spite of the conscious and frantic efforts by government and non-governmental organizations through the framework of YEDP and YISA to address the unemployment challenge in the country not so much has been achieved. The study revealed that the programmes have created a number of entrepreneurs and employment for young people across the country. Nonetheless, these efforts have not significantly yielded the desired outcomes of massive job creation for the youths and ensuring national food security. To achieve desired results, using the agricultural value chain, there is need to adopt scientific knowledge based agricultural production. Hence the paper concluded that for Nigeria to address the twin challenges of massive unemployment and national food insecurity agricultural activities should be scientific and greatly modernized. The study recommended, among other things, that integrated farming approach, involving large variety of activities per hectare should be adopted and there should be substantial investment in R&D to generate new ideas and high yielding seeds for the new entrepreneur-farmers.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Food Security, Uneducated., Unemployment, Value Chain, Youths
Entrepreneurship Development and Youth Employment in Nigeria: Perspectives on Selected Entrepreneurship Schemes (Published)
The study examined the relationship between entrepreneurship development and youth employment in Nigeria. It focused on two empowerment schemes: Youth Entrepreneurship Development Programme (YEDP) and Youth Initiative for Sustainable Agriculture in Nigeria (YISA). The nation’s unemployment record, especially among youth, is alarming. A National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) report in 2018 shows that, out of the 85million labour force in Nigeria, 34million are unemployed and underemployed youths, with 25million largely uneducated. The YEDP and YISA schemes were designed to train and make youths entrepreneurs that would be self-employed and also employ others. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to show that in spite of the conscious and frantic efforts by government and non-governmental organizations through the framework of YEDP and YISA to address the unemployment challenge in the country not so much has been achieved. The study revealed that the programmes have created a number of entrepreneurs and employment for young people across the country. Nonetheless, these efforts have not significantly yielded the desired outcomes of massive job creation for the youths and ensuring national food security. To achieve desired results, using the agricultural value chain, there is need to adopt scientific knowledge based agricultural production. Hence the paper concluded that for Nigeria to address the twin challenges of massive unemployment and national food insecurity agricultural activities should be scientific and greatly modernized. The study recommended, among other things, that integrated farming approach, involving large variety of activities per hectare should be adopted and there should be substantial investment in R&D to generate new ideas and high yielding seeds for the new entrepreneur-farmers.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Food Security, Uneducated., Unemployment, Value Chain, Youths
Recommendations Developing the Sustainable Food Value Chain of the Agricultural Sector in Dong Nai Province (Published)
Vietnam’s economy is increasingly integrated into the international economy. The key economic sectors in which agriculture is assessed will have many favorable opportunities for development. However, in order not to fall behind, the agricultural sector must rapidly develop the value chain. Moreover, the “4 houses” link in modern agricultural production is claimed to be the best one at present. The most important issue: what farmers produce, where to sell, how the price is the only satisfactory answer when there is clarification of roles and responsibilities of each house in the linkage. The role of “role play” is also intended to promote the overall strength of the link. There are 4 main factors: Government (State), Scientist, Enterprises and Farmer are the four main factors of linkages in agricultural production. In particular, the State is “the leader”, the engine of the link. Enterprises play the important role to link the remaining “4 houses” to form the raw material production area; Input support and product procurement for farmers; step by step to build brand name of agricultural products. The study results showed that there were 400 persons who include: 200 managers of enterprises, 170 farmers, 30 experts related to agricultural sector in Dong Nai province who interviewed and answered about 17 questions. The Data collected from June 2016 to April 2017. This study had been analyzed Cronbach’s Alpha testing, KMO testing and the result of KMO testing used for the multiple regression. Persons’ responses measured through an adapted questionnaire on a 5-point Likert scale. The Data processed by SPSS 20.0. In addition, four components affecting the sustainable food value chain development with significance level 5 percent and then the researchers have recommendations developing the sustainable food value chain of the agricultural sector in Dong Nai province.
Keywords: Development and LHU, Farmer, Food, Value Chain
MOROCCAN CANNED SARDINES VALUE CHAIN-GOVERNANCE AND VALUE ADDED DISTRIBUTION (Published)
Morocco is the world’s leading producer and exporter of canned sardines. However, this product value chain encounters multiple challenges. This study explores how such a chain could create and capture a larger value added share within the European market. Surveys using questionnaires and open interviews have been carried out including a sample of relevant actors in the chain. The results show that the value chain is substantially driven by European retailers who create 68% of the total value added; while Moroccan canning industry remains relatively less wealth-building and captures less income. The improvement strategy should foster better vertical cooperation among actors, a common commercial policy and an innovative diversification of the Moroccan offer.
Keywords: Canned sardines, Governance, Income, Morocco, Value Chain, Value added