Desirability of Incorporating Environmental Literacy Education into The Global Efa Agenda with Focus on Developing Countries (Published)

The global Advocacy for Education for All (EFA) has its origin in Article 26 of the 1948 Declaration of Human Rights by the United Nations (UN).  The Advocacy has gone through phases with limited success in the achievement of the cardinal objective of global inclusive education for humanity’s survival and socio-economic development. The present (2015-2030) phase is anchored on 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and targets African and other countries facing special developmental challenges. It has been observed that environmental literacy is at the heart of the SDGs. The purpose of this paper is to review the objectives and achievement levels of the various phases of the global EFA Advocacy and expound the desirability of incorporating Environmental Literacy Education (ELE) into the ongoing EFA Agenda, especially in developing countries. After a research-based exposé of the developmental benefits of integrating the competences offered by ELE with those provided by UNESCO in its Guidelines for achieving the SDGs, the paper concludes that incorporating ELE into the ongoing global EFA Agenda is highly desirable and goes on to suggest modalities for the incorporation.

Eheazu C.L.  (2023) Desirability of Incorporating Environmental Literacy Education into The Global Efa Agenda with Focus on Developing Countries, International Journal of Developing and Emerging Economies, Vol.11, No.1, pp.1-18

 

Keywords: Desirability, Environmental literacy education, developing countries, global education for all agenda, incorporation

Banking Supervision and Financial Soundness in Developing Countries: Insights on South Sudan (Published)

The commercial banking industry in South Sudan has faced a myriad of challenges in playing its’ central role of supporting economic development.  Several critical medium-term and long-term difficulties have faced the banking sector in South Sudan as it seeks to come up with a productive regulatory environment. Due to the nascent development of regulatory mechanisms post attaining independence the banking industry has mainly focussed on traditional services. This has resulted in most commercial banks facing financial soundness and sustainability challenges due to limited product and service diversification. The aim of this paper was to identify the challenges facing banking supervision in developing economies and provide insights on what can be done to foster financial soundness in the commercial banks. The paper indicated that poor legislation, inadequate technical support, lack of structural reforms, political challenges and poor regulatory framework have limited the development and financial stability within the country. Critical to improving the financial soundness of the banks is introduction of regulatory activities that can foster the monitoring and supervision of commercial banks in the country. Further, incentivizing financial industry players will lead to long-term value creation through strengthening the financial system and improving integration. The study also advocates for strict introduction of enforcement mechanisms that will ensure commercial banks adhere to the stipulated regulations and guidelines in the operations. Finally, advocating for strategic changes in the services offering and improving cross-border trading will be key to enhancing the commercial banks soundness.

 

Keywords: South Sudan, banking supervision, developing countries, financial soundness