Effect of Remittances on the Livelihood of Farm Households in Adamawa State. Nigeria (Published)
This study examined Effects of remittances on the livelihood of farm households in Adamawa State, Nigeria. The results showed majority (29.1%) were within the age range of 51 – 60 years old, 21.8% had a household size of six persons and 44.2% had primary education. Married (65.8%), household heads were males (57%). Internal remittances of bulk receipts were 86.7%, while 55% received between N1, 000 and N10, 000 per annum. Also 70% received remittances through hand carriage. 59.1% receives 4 – 6 times a year. Also, 69.2% received both cash and non-cash. Income, household size and education had a significant (p<0.05) effect. Age of household head had significantly (p>0.05) effect. The R2 showed that the independent variables explained 51% of variation in migration. Remittance and social group had significant effects on livelihood (p<0.05). Effect on farm size was positive and significant (p<0.05). R2 showed that independent variables explained 59.8% variation in livelihood.
Citation: Tarfa, J.Z. (2023) Effect of Remittances on the Livelihood of Farm Households in Adamawa State. Nigeria, International Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development Studies, Vol.10, No.1, pp.1-15
Keywords: Livelihood, Remittances, farm, households
Factors Influencing Domestic Violence and Its Mitigation Strategies among Rural Farm Households in Imo State Nigeria (Published)
This study examined the factors influencing domestic violence and its mitigation strategies among rural farm households in Imo State Nigeria. Using multi stage and purpose sampling techniques, 120 respondents were selected from the three agricultural zones in Imo State. Data were obtained using interview schedule. The validity of the instruments was determined by experts in the field of rural development and reliability established using test-retest reliability method. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and Duncan Multiple Range Technique and multiple regression model were employed in data analysis. Results showed that the double-log+ function was approximately 0.98 and significant at its alpha level. Results also indicate that an average of 46.8% of the respondents strongly agreed with the statements while 22.5% agreed, 16.1% strongly disagreed a 14.5% disagreed with the identified effects. The mitigation strategies adopted by respondents had mean values as follows retaliation (3.38), separation (3.40), heavy alcohol intake (3.38) family counseling (2.98) and giving satisfactory sex regularly to intimate partner (2.86). The factors influencing domestic violence was devastating, some variables increasing domestic violence, although family counselling plays important remedial role on livelihoods of rural farm households in minimizing its negative effects on rural farm households in Imo state. The study therefore recommended that there should be public enlightenment through the mass media on the side effects of domestic violence on victims.
Keywords: Domestic, Mitigation, Violence, households, influencing
Analysis of the Status and Determinants of Rural Households’ Access to Agricultural Extension Services: The Case ff Jimma Geneti Woreda, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia (Published)
Effective, comprehensive, need-based, and participatory agricultural extension service is a major factor in improving the income and welfare of rural households. However, it has been reported that ineffective, non-comprehensive, and not need-based in many developing countries. The study analyzed the status and determinants of rural households’ access to agricultural extension services in the case of Jimma Gebeti Woreda (Ethiopia). A mixed-methods approach is used. Primary data are collected from 387 samples. Descriptive and inferential statistics and logit models are used to analyze the data. Results revealed that there are unaccessed sample heads to agricultural extension services in the current study area. Weak links between agricultural research and farmers extension problems, lack of coordination and communication between agricultural sectors and higher learning institutions, and lower salary level and fewer resources for field agricultural extension agents are found the major potential reasons/challenges that make sample households’ unaccessed. Furthermore, Kebele/”ganda” of the household head, access to agricultural extension training, access to credit service, irrigation use, and rural households’ having a telephone were found the major determinant factors. Thus, based on the above results it is possible to conclude that rural households’ access to agricultural extension services is not as it ought to be. Above it is found that the extension delivery is mostly non-participatory. Therefore, policy majors that could avert the above challenges and determinants are recommended like for example, empowering extension workers and delivering pluralistic and need-based agricultural extension services.
Keywords: access to agricultural extension services, households, logit model (Ethiopia)