Gender Based Disparity in Poultry Production in Ethiopia (Published)
A review was carried out with the aim of providing the comprehensive and organized information on Gender based disparity in Poultry production day to day activities. Poultry production has an important economic, social and cultural role in rural areas of developing Countries like Ethiopia where women’s involvement and contribution has not been much recognized even though they contribute a lot for agricultural sector. According to this review results, Village chicken production has a fundamental role in capital build up, poverty minimization, malnutrition and hunger reduction among the resource poor households in developing countries of the world because of their short generation intervals, low input requirements for production, good scavengers and adaptation to harsh production environments. This review results also indicated that women are generally less able than men to participate in economic opportunities because they face a work burden that men do not. In most societies, women are responsible for most of the household and child-rearing activities as well rearing of small livestock, although norms differ by culture and over time. The review went further to address and compile available findings concerning the challenges poultry farmers face and showed that the most serious constraints hindering poultry production was predator followed by flock mortality and prevalence of diseases, and low production.
Citation: Abune Gudeta Regassa (2022) Gender Based Disparity in Poultry Production in Ethiopia, International Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development Studies, Vol.9, No.3, pp.11-16
Keywords: Ethiopia, Gender, disparity, poultry production
Gender Role in Commercial Vegetable Farming (Cvf) In Chitwan District, Nepal (A Case Study of Gunjanagar and Sharadanagar Vdcs) (Published)
A study was conducted to assess the gender role in commercial farming and household income in Chitwan, Nepal in 2012. The survey research design was used whereas purposive and simple random sampling was followed to select the respondents. The study was conducted in Gunjanagar and Sharadanagar Village Development Committees (VDCs) of the Chitwan district. A total of 112 respondents were selected from commercial vegetable growing farmers, 61 respondents from Gunjanagar and 51 respondents from Sharadanagar VDC. A pre-tested and standard interview schedule was employed for household survey to collect primary information. And various documents of the governmental and non-governmental organizations were used for secondary information. The findings of the study revealed that vegetable farming has major contribution in household income. It was explored that joint decision making done in crop selection and marketing activities rather than just one gender. However, technology related and direct money related activities were decided more by male. Most of the activities related to commercial vegetable farming are performed jointly. However, laborious activities like nursery bed preparation, field preparation were done by male and tedious works like manure mixing; intercultural operations were done by female. Various household resources like land, capital, were controlled by male members than female members of the household. Moreover, female farmers have lesser access to agriculture extension services than their male counterparts. The findings also revealed that commercial vegetable farming was not new enterprise for them and most of the farmers were highly motivated by their neighbors, they have started growing vegetable commercially as soon as the highway and feeder roots were made. And the findings also revealed that vegetable production have major share in household income in comparison to other components like livestock, cereal crops and fruits. Almost all farmers were found satisfied with their income and have very positive attitude towards Commercial Vegetable Farming, Due to good income, majority of youths were engaged in this commercial vegetable farming and all farmers are satisfied with this job. Thus, with commercial vegetable farming, gender role has been changing overtime and it has created a good employment opportunities for youths. So, with proper management of the roles of gender, supply of inputs and trainings enhance the commercial vegetable farming in Chitwan district.
Keywords: Commercial Vegetable Farming, Gender
Influence of Youth Access to Farm Products Markets on Their Participation in Agriculture in Kajiado North Sub-County (Published)
Agriculture in Kenya has great untapped potential for providing employment opportunities for youth that would enable them exploit their creativity, economic innovation and access to agricultural product markets in order to spur faster national economic growth. Reducing cereal importation in Kenya through local investment and expanding of markets for agricultural products can effectively create youth employment. A number of youth took part in agriculture in Kajiado North Sub- County with maize being the most preferred crop while poultry keeping the most preferred livestock activity by youth The influence of youth access to markets for agricultural products on their participation in agriculture in Kajiado North Sub-County was poorly understood and hence the need for this study, which used a cross-sectional design to collect data from 397 randomly, selected youth and 22 youth and agricultural officers. Content validity of the youth and agricultural officers’ questionnaires was ascertained by extension experts while reliability was determined through a pilot test involving 30 respondents. The reliability coefficient were 0.86α and 0.80α respectively, which were above the 0.70 threshold for acceptable reliability. The results showed a statistically significant positive relationship (r=.330, p=.01) between youth access to markets and their participation in agriculture. It also showed that youth access to markets influenced their participation in agriculture with 57.4% of the respondents indicating that poor infrastructures and limited knowledge on market prices reduced their access to markets for agricultural commodities. Youth with easy access to markets for their products had higher participation rates in agricultural activities than those with minimal access to markets. The government and other actors should support formation of organizations that can give youth the necessary bargaining power to interact on equal terms with other market actors in order to reduce transaction costs through economies of scale when buying inputs and selling produce.
Keywords: Agriculture, Employment, Farm Products, Gender, Market, Youth
Does Gender Makes Any Difference In Livelihoods Diversification? Evidence from Northern Ghana (Published)
The fact that rural livelihood portfolios is expanding and diversifying beyond agriculture is not contested. However, very little is known on gender dimension of rural livelihoods diversification and whether gender makes any difference in rural dwellers construction of livelihood portfolios. This paper therefore presents findings of analysis of data obtained from USAID sponsored Feed The Future population baseline survey conducted in 2012 in their Northern Ghana Zone of Influence, with the view of examining gender dimension of livelihoods diversification among the 13,580 respondents who were 15 years or older. Results of the analysis revealed significant gender differentiation in number of livelihood activities engaged in by men and women. The results established that livelihoods diversification is common across gender in Northern Ghana, but men are more likely to engage in more livelihood activities than women. Significantly more men than women were found to have been engaged in paid wage labour within the last 12 months, with women dominating the non-farm self-employed livelihood enterprises. This paper therefore recommends that, measures aim at women economic empowerment, should target providing training and financial support to enable women improve their non-farm livelihood enterprises
Keywords: Diversification, Gender, Livelihoods, Non-farm, on-farm
Influence of Youth Access to Farm Products Markets on Their Participation in Agriculture in Kajiado North Sub-County (Published)
Agriculture in Kenya has great untapped potential for providing employment opportunities for youth that would enable them exploit their creativity, economic innovation and access to agricultural product markets in order to spur faster national economic growth. Reducing cereal importation in Kenya through local investment and expanding of markets for agricultural products can effectively create youth employment. A number of youth took part in agriculture in Kajiado North Sub- County with maize being the most preferred crop while poultry keeping the most preferred livestock activity by youth The influence of youth access to markets for agricultural products on their participation in agriculture in Kajiado North Sub-County was poorly understood and hence the need for this study, which used a cross-sectional design to collect data from 397 randomly, selected youth and 22 youth and agricultural officers. Content validity of the youth and agricultural officers’ questionnaires was ascertained by extension experts while reliability was determined through a pilot test involving 30 respondents. The reliability coefficient were 0.86α and 0.80α respectively, which were above the 0.70 threshold for acceptable reliability. The results showed a statistically significant positive relationship (r=.330, p=.01) between youth access to markets and their participation in agriculture. It also showed that youth access to markets influenced their participation in agriculture with 57.4% of the respondents indicating that poor infrastructures and limited knowledge on market prices reduced their access to markets for agricultural commodities. Youth with easy access to markets for their products had higher participation rates in agricultural activities than those with minimal access to markets. The government and other actors should support formation of organizations that can give youth the necessary bargaining power to interact on equal terms with other market actors in order to reduce transaction costs through economies of scale when buying inputs and selling produce.
Keywords: Agriculture, Employment, Gender, Market, Youth