Historical Development of Disciplinary Responsibility (Published)
This article brings to attention one of the most important institutions of the relationship with work, specifically disciplinary responsibility. Through time, the several changes in work legislation, brought the evolution of the concept of this institution, adapting even to the dynamics of the society. Concretely, this article will handle the historical development of disciplinary responsibility and the meaning of the institution of disciplinary responsibility. The disciplinary right, according to the right to work of the Republic of Albania, represents the total of juridical norms that put an internal order at work, enterprise, institutions, norms that are sanctioned and compulsory for the workers, as well as measures that ensure the compliance of these norms. In domocratic societies, the discipline of work moves toward a conscient and voluntary character, different from the dictatorial society, where work discipline represents a discipline dictated, even more through violence and psychological pressure. The aim of the dispositions in the field of discipline of work is regular reinforcement and organization of work, minimization of antidisciplinary demonstrations, of indifference and anarchy at work.
Keywords: Albania, disciplinary, historical development, responsibility
‘POVERTY DEFINITION’ AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO PROJECTS FAILURE IN KILIFI COUNTY, KENYA (Published)
It is evident that poverty has remained a key challenge to mankind worldwide with a lot of resources being used to address the same with little success. It is worth noting that the definition of the single word has been the focus despite having different interpretations, with little concern put on its interpretation while coming up with projects to address the same. It was against that background that a cross sectional survey was conducted on two dairy projects targeting poverty reduction in Kilifi County Kenya. Forty farmers supported with dairy cows by Heifer International and Plan international were surveyed. The study observed that inadequacy in resources, knowledge, responsibility, skills and or ability played a key role in projects success and defining poverty. The study led to the definition of poverty as; “the inadequacy in resources, responsibility, knowledge, skills and/or ability to sustain a livelihood and/ or richness in a given community” A Regression model was also suggested to address the five variables in poverty reduction projects.
Keywords: Knowledge, Poverty, resources, responsibility, skills and ability