The Politics of the Novel in The Niger Delta: From Kaine Agary to Chimeka Garricks (Published)
Politics is a vital aspect of Nigeria’s development from 1960s to present. It is central in any discourse on the Niger Delta. Oil has been the bane of modern Nigerian politics; and a good number of the government’s policies, programmes and interventions are interpreted as conscious move to access and control oil money. Since political power translates into automatic ownership of the oil and the soil that bears it, then the scramble for oil resources has opened a new vista in the Nigerian political calculations. This assumption is predicated upon the political dimension of some of the issues raised in the Niger Delta literature. Working within the context of ecocriticism and Rob Nixon’s idea of slow violence, the study seeks to examine the treatment of political issues in the Niger Delta novels of Kaine Agary’s Yellow-Yellow and Chimeka Garricks Tomorrow Died Yesterday, and how these issues affect developmental efforts in the region. The study concludes that political leadership can become a catalyst for national development and transformation when rightly steered,
Citation: Ohagwam U. (2022) The Politics of the Novel in The Niger Delta: From Kaine Agary to Chimeka Garricks, Global Journal of Politics and Law Research, Vol.10, No.7, pp.60-67
Keywords: Degradation, Environment, Politics, resources
PFAS and International Water Law: Implications for the Prevention, Reduction, and Control of Pollution under Art. 21 of the 1997 UN Watercourses Convention (Published)
Discovered in the 1930s, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a family of thousands of human-made chemicals that are attractive for many applications. The persistence of PFAS in the environment has led to PFAS to bioconcentrate, bioaccumulate, and biomagnify in human beings and the environment. Recent studies have determined potential and actual adverse impacts on human health and the environment as a result of such exposure to PFAS. Water is believed to be the main pathway by which PFAS is transferred and diffused into the environment and ultimately entering into contact with human beings. Where these waters are a watercourse and shared by more than one State, there exists an international watercourse and international obligations. This article explores the implications of pollution from PFAS in the use of international watercourses under Art. 21 of the 1997 UN Watercourses Convention.
Citation: Andrew V. Vangh (2022) PFAS and International Water Law: Implications for the Prevention, Reduction, and Control of Pollution under Art. 21 of the 1997 UN Watercourses Convention, Global Journal of Politics and Law Research, Vol.10, No.7, pp.13-22
Keywords: Environment, International, PFAS, watercourses
Role of Soft Law in Environmental Protection: An Overview (Published)
One of the key features of international law is the outstanding progress of law governing the environment in recent times. From a very reticent start with about no law at law, the global environmental law has developed an enormous complicated field encircling numerous treaties, declarations, general principles, and customary international law rules. It is not clandestine that this significant growth is due to a considerable extent, to the role played by the soft law instruments. Soft law is by its nature the enunciation of a norm in a non-binding written form and is considered to be the charters, resolutions, declarations or recommendations of world community that is not meant to be as binding as the international treaties. It is a core source of international law that has emerged and developed rapidly in the modern era of globalization, particularly to knob the sensitive issues, e.g., trade and commerce, protection of human rights, conservation of environment and so on. Though the idea of soft law has existed for years, scholars have attained at no consensus as to why do states regulate soft law or whether soft law is of a consistent logical category. To some extent, this perplexity replicates a profound diversity in the categories of global agreements and strategic situations that produce them. Despite it is accepted that soft law is a latent device in harmonizing the regime created by hard law and plays a key role in achieving fixed goals regarding the implementation of global environmental law. This article strives to provide a detailed definition of soft law as well as point outs its emergence and development. It also illustrates the legal status, impact, significance, and challenges of soft law. Furthermore, this research focuses on the role of soft law instruments in the conservation of global environment.
Keywords: Environment, Protection, Soft Law, Violation
CIVIL LIABILITY ARISING FROM DAMAGE FROM ENVIRONMENT (Published)
To talk about the environmental beauty and to leave aside its legal protection, would mean to deny its rights for protection and progress. It is our right to be a part of the environment, to use and to taste it, likewise it is our obligation to protect and develop it at any time and place. The rapid technological development, population growth, industrialization, carbon dioxide emissions augmentation in the atmosphere and other ‘greenhouse’ gases, cutting of the forests, new various pollutants used in the cultivation of land and sea etc., pose serious global threat to the climate system and the global ecosystem. Due to all these factors careful attention must be paid to the protection of the abovementioned elements, the damage of which can cause unexpected and devastating changes on the world’s climate and therefore harm the human health or life. After the 90s, especially in the recent years, a growing attention has been given to environmental issues and the various measures have been taken in order to protect it and reduce its damage. This was legitimized with the entry into force of Law no. 8934, dated 05.09.2002 “On environmental protection”, Article 2 of which makes it clear that the protection of the environment from pollution and other damages has been declared a national priority. From the law perspective the environmental protection is an interactive process between individuals, organizations and government. Despite the protection guaranteed by the Constitution in Articles 56 and 59/d and the special law for the protection of the environment, the object of this paper is an analysis of the civil legislation in force in Albania, concerning the issue of environmental damage and the responsibility in these cases. The legislation of this field will be analyzed bearing in mind these issues: the definition of environmental damage, the legitimacy of the procedure, the reasons, the criteria for compensation, and the insurance issues in the event of environmental damage
Keywords: Albanian Civil Code., Environment, civil legal protection, health damage