Review on Biosynthesis, Signal transduction of ABA and its Function in Physiological and Metabolic Process of Crop plants (Published)
Citation: Bewket Getachew Bekele (2022) Review on Biosynthesis, Signal transduction of ABA and its Function in Physiological and Metabolic Process of Crop plants, Global Journal of Agricultural Research , Vol.10, No.2, pp.1-12
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone that regulates physiological processes such as seed maturation, seed dormancy, and stress adaptation. These physiological responses are triggered by the fluctuation of endogenous ABA levels in accordance with changing surroundings or developmental stimuli. Endogenous ABA levels are largely controlled by the balance between biosynthesis and catabolism. ABA is produced by cleavage of a 40-carbon carotenoid precursor that is synthesized from isopentenyl diphosphate via the plastid terpenoid pathway. ABA is synthesized in almost all cells that contain plastids and is transported via both the xylem and the phloem. ABA in tissues can be measured by bioassays based on growth, germination, or stomatal closure. Abscisic acid plays primary regulatory roles in the initiation and maintenance of seed and bud dormancy and in the plant’s response to stress, particularly water stress.
Keywords: ABA, Biosynthesis, metabolic process crop plants, physiological, signal transduction
Biosynthesis of Nano Gold Particles from Fusarium Solani Isolated From Karbala (Published)
This study was conducted to explore the possibility of biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by using the fungus Fusarium solani isolated from soil sample in Karbala , Iraq. The cell filtrate of F.solani reacted with HAuCl4 ions, resulting f Appearance of a burgundy red color in solution containing the biomass was a clear indication of the formation of gold nanoparticles after 6 hr . The gold nanoparticles were characterized by Visual analysis, The results showed After HAuCl4 addition with fungus filtration, a well-defined absorption peak at 530 nm appears. The spectra obviously show the upsurge in intensity of gold solution with period. The data obtained from micrograph images by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) found distinct shape and size of poly disperse nanoparticles Mostly particles were spherical and ellipsoidal and in shape in the range of 18-24 nm and average size 21.82 nm in size without significant agglomeration . The synthesized gold nanoparticles has been evaluated for antibacterial activities by well method against selected human pathogens. The results of antibacterial efficacy are depicted in table 1. Biosynthesized gold nano patrticles had antibacterial activity against selected gram negative bacterial pathogens. gold nanoparticle (23μl/disc) impregnated disc exhibited highest antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.8mm) followed by Eschertia coli (18.4 mm) by well method. gold nanoparticles were subjected at different concentration to study the minimal inhibitory concentration (MICagainst the selected pathogens were portrayed in table 3. MIC revealed that 16μl/ml of Ag-NPs exhibited highest inhibition activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae followed by Eschertia coli .
Keywords: Biosynthesis, Fusarium Solani, Karbala and Antibacterial Activity, Nano Gold