The Impact of Productivity and Space on the Production of Potatoes in Iraq (Published)
The potato crop of major vegetables in terms of production and productivity of its importance as a energy-rich and contains important nutrients, it is considered the main food of many countries, as well as economic and manufacturing and its importance as a raw material for many of the food industry. Search the cultivated area, production and productivity of dunam of the five provinces which is famous for the cultivation of potatoes and is focused (Nineveh, Baghdad, Unbar, Babel, Waist.), Agriculture for Autum and spring the years (2000-2012). Appeared through research that potato production has suffered from volatility during the Search, which was reflected in the per capita share of the domestic product and make that quota is weak and it turned out that the highest share of potatoes was in 2005 and amounted to (33.7) kg per year and less per capita was in 2010 and amounted to (6.3 kg). Was either above area planted crop was in 2005 and amounted to (203 729) donum the lowest area was planted in 2008 and amounted to (132 034) donum, The highest production was in 2005 and amounted to (807 586 tonnes) and the lowest production was in 2010 and amounted to (204 597 tons) , The productivity of the crop was dunam other volatile after reaching its highest productivity in 2002 ,was (4609) kg / donums and the least in 2008 and was the (2642) kg / dunam. According to economic theory, which shows that (97%) of changes (R2) as the value of the coefficient of determination in productivity was due to the factors involved in the specimen, and the (12%) of which are due to other factors not included in the specimen, including the chance and randomness. Search as explained through a statistical model for the production of potatoes as explained in accordance with the multiple linear regression equation that yields dunam only the area of affecting and a large degree in production, show that the effect of space on the larger output from the impact of productivity either spatial location (province and time) did not have clear role in influencing on production. Search through model statistician for the production of potatoes as explained in accordance with the multiple linear regression equation that yields dunam only the area of affecting and a large degree in production, show that the effect of space on the larger output from the impact of productivity either spatial location (province and time) did not have clear role in influencing on production.
Keywords: Potato Production, Productivity, Statistical Analysis Dunam
TVET STIGMATIZATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: REALITY OR FALACY? (Published)
TVET (Technical Vocational Education and Training) programmes have been in existence in most developing African countries including Ghana for decades. But their intended productive and inventive output of producing readily employable and or self-employable graduates, and serving as real economic bail out for the deteriorating economies in Africa is yet to be achieved. This worrying development has culminated in a stigmatization towards the study of the TVET programmes in higher institutions in Ghana. This paper therefore explores briefly the historicity of Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Ghana, including the tertiary-based TVET institutions (particularly, polytechnics and universities). Through in-depth inquiry, this paper investigates the root cause of the stigmatization and its concomitant effects on the nation, the learners and the higher institutions of training in such programmes. Using comparative analytical methodology, the study revealed that there is curriculum deficiency in TVET programmes; logistical challenge due to inadequate funding; poor linkage of TVET to industry; unfair trend of inappropriate categorization of graduates on the field and a continuous chain of leadership crisis. The paper recommends more dynamic, innovative and modern curriculum review to include product and industrial design courses such as animation, game design, robotics, interior decoration, multimedia design, aircraft, automobile and ship design, structural and industrial painting and medical engineering.
Keywords: Demand-Driven, Industry, Productivity, School-Based TVET, Stigmatization