Space and Dystopian Imagery in Batman Begins (2005) (Published)
Batman Begins is a 2005 Hollywood movie directed by Christopher Nolan, with a screenplay by Bob Kane, David S. Goyer, and Christopher Nolan. The movie is set in Gotham, a fictional corrupt society in the US, dominated by crime and fear before the arrival of Batman. It follows Bruce Wayne’s journey from witnessing his parents’ murder as a child to becoming a vigilante. The film uses space and dystopian imagery to depict Gotham’s poverty, corruption, and crime, emphasizing Bruce’s internal struggle and transformation into Batman.The paper will explore how Batman Begins employs space metaphors and Gothic imagery to convey a sense of dystopia. Space and place, as defined by Tuan (1977), highlight the differences between freedom and security, abstract and concrete reality. The repeated use of darkness in the film underscores Gotham’s moral decay, aligning with the concept of dystopia—a theme common in modern science fiction that portrays dehumanized, fearful societies. The discussion will delve into how these elements create a vivid dystopian setting in the movie.
Keywords: Capitalism, batman, dystopia, public identity., space
A Marxist Reading of Nikolai Ostrovsky’s How the Steel Was Tempered (Published)
The paper proves that How the Steel Was Tempered depicts the theory of Marxism. During the end of the 19th century and the start of the 20th century, capitalism spread in various countries in Europe. As a result, the struggle of the common masses became more organized and conscious. As the conflicts between the upper and lower class became more profound, the philosophical thought of Marxism spread rapidly. The paper makes an analysis of Marxism in How the Steel Was Tempered. The paper discusses all the Marxist ideologies found in the novel, including: the inequality between classes, anti-Capitalism, class conflict, historical materialism, and alienation. So, this paper will add a piece of new information in the existing literature.
Keywords: Alienation, Capitalism, Class, Marxism, Materialism