Human Artificial Intelligence Integration and Reference Services Delivery in Academic Libraries in South-South Zone of Nigeria (Published)
This study examines Human-Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration on reference service delivery in academic libraries in the South-South Zone of Nigeria. A survey research design was adopted. 384 professional librarians in public and private universities across the region were used as respondents. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire titled Human AI Integration and Reference Services Questionnaire (HAIRQ), designed on a 4-point modified Likert scale. The instrument was validated by experts in Library and Information Science and Measurement and Evaluation from University of Calabar, and reliability coefficients ranged from 0.81 to 0.94 using the Cronbach Alpha method. Data was analyzed using simple linear regression at the 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that Grammarly AI citation generator has a significant positive influence on the delivery of reference service (R = .712, Adj. R² = .506, F = 738.612, p < .05). Similarly, Quillbot AI citation generator significantly influences reference services in academic libraries (R = .687, Adj. R² = .471, F = 642.020, p < .05). The study concluded that human-AI integration, particularly through Grammarly and Quillbot citation generators, significantly enhances the efficiency and structure of reference services in academic libraries in the South-South Zone of Nigeria. It was recommended, among others, that academic library management institutionalize AI-supported citation tools through structured policies, training, and professional oversight mechanisms for effective service delivery.
Keywords: Quillbot AI citation generator, academic libraries Nigeria, grammarly AI citation generator, human-AI integration, reference services