A New Index for Intelligent Classification of Early Syndromic of Cardiovascular (CVD) Diseases Based on Electrocardiogram (ECG) (Published)
Most disease that affects the heart or blood vessels is referred to as cardiovascular disease(CVD). The main aim of this work is to build a system capable of modeling and predicting early syndromic cardiovascular diseases (CVD) based on electrocardiogram (ECG). The study considers the implementation of computationally intelligent system for detecting and classifying early syndromic assessment of CVD. The clinical and ECG recordings of patients diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital (UUTH) were obtained. The datasets were segmented into Demographic and ECG datasets. A quantitative research approach was used for the study with examination of several segments based on recommended framework. Three (3) classifier models were adopted to detect cardiac related problems using specified datasets. The classifiers such as; Random Forest Ensemble (RFE), Support Vector (SVM) Classifier and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was employed for Machine Learning process. The models were implemented using a robust programming languages (Python and Jupyter notebook). The datasets were further segmented into two categories: training sets and testing in the ratio of 80:20 respectively. The test data reflects; precision, recall and sensitivity: Results show Radom Forest Model: 0.50 (50%) accuracy, 0.48 (48%) precision score and 0.65 (65%) recall sensitivity score (RSS), SVM classifier indicated 0.70 (70%) accuracy score, 0.47 (47) % precision score as well as 0.52 (52 %) sensitivity score. The ANN model illustrates 0.50 (50%) score for accuracy, precision and recall. Research Findings demonstrated that, RFE, SVM, ANN illustrate 100% accuracy in precision and recall sensitivity. The interaction effects of the various clinical factors influencing the CVD of patient was appraised and performance evaluation were further done using standard data science measures; Confusion Matrix (CM), MAP, MAPE, RMSE was deployed. The final results obtained shows that RFE, SVM, ANN models support satisfactorily the assessment and classification of early syndromic conditions of CVD.
Keywords: ANN, Accuracy, ECG, RFE, SVM Classifier, UUTH, precision score and recall sensitivity score (RSS).
A Web-Based Clinical Decision Support System for the Management of Diabetes Neuropathy Using Naïve Bayes Algorithm (Published)
Diabetes Neuropathy is a chronic health problem with devastating, yet preventable consequences. Due to this shortage of specialists, there is a need for a Clinical Decision Support System that will diagnose and manage diabetes neuropathy. This work therefore aimed at designing a web-based Clinical Decision Support System for the management of early diabetes neuropathy. Four pattern classification algorithms (K-nearest neighbor, Decision Tree, Decision Stump and Rule Induction) were adopted in this work and were evaluated to determine the most suitable algorithm for the clinical decision support system. Datasets were gathered from reliable sources; two teaching hospitals in Nigeria, these were used for the evaluation Benchmarks such as performance, accuracy level, precision, confusion matrices and the models building’s speed were used in comparing the generated models. The study showed that Naïve Bayes outperformed all other classifiers with accuracy being 60.50%. k-nearest neighbor, Decision Tree, Decision Stump and Rule induction perform well with the lowest accuracy for x- cross validation being 36.50%. Decision Tree falls behind in accuracy, while k-nearest neighbour and Decision Stump maintain accuracy at equilibrium 41.00%. Therefore, Naïve Bayes is adopted as optimal algorithm in the domain of this study. The rules generated from the optimal algorithm (Naïve Bayes) forms the back-end engine of the Clinical Decision Support System. The web-based clinical decision support system was then designed The automatic diagnosis of diabetes neuropathy is an important real-world medical problem. Detection of diabetes neuropathy in its early stages is a key for controlling and managing patients early before the disabling effect present. This system can be used to assist medical programs especially in geographically remote areas where expert human diagnosis not possible with an advantage of minimal expenses and faster results. For further studies, researchers can improve on the proposed clinical decision support system by employing more than one efficient algorithm to develop a hybrid system.
Keywords: Accuracy, Algorithm, Classification, Diabetes, Neuropathy, precision