Identification of the Bioactive Phytochemicals in the Ethanol Leaf Extract of Alafia Barteri (Apocyanaceae) (Published)
Alafia barteri is a plant species belonging to the family Apocyanaceae. It is native to the West and Central Africa, stretching from Guinea Bissau to Cameroon, Congo and Nigeria. It is valued for its effectiveness in the traditional medicine system in Nigeria and other African countries. The objective of the present study was to investigate the phytochemical constituents of the leaf of Alafia barteri using gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy analysis (GC-MS). The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 70 phytochemical components in the ethanol leaf extract of Alafia barteri. The prevailing bioactive compounds include: 2-pyrrolidinone (14.03%), cyclotetrasiloxane (12.56%), 9,12-octadecanoic acid(8.12%), n-Hexadecanoeic acid(7.97%). The compounds were identified by identified by comparing measured mass spectral data with those in NIST 14 Mass Spectral Library.The results of the present study suggest that the plant leaf can be used as a valuable source in the field of herbal drug discovery.
Citation: Kolawole I.O., Ebuehi O.A.T., Lawal R.A., Olaitan P. (2023) Identification of the Bioactive Phytochemicals in the Ethanol Leaf Extract of Alafia Barteri (Apocyanaceae), European Journal of Botany, Plant Sciences and Phytology, Vol.8, No.1, pp.1-24
Keywords: Alafia barteri, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, phytochemicals
Anti-Bacterial and Phytochemical Potential of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extracts on Some Wound and Enteric Pathogenic Bacteria (Published)
Majority of Africans today depend either totally or partially on medicinal plants for the healing of their ailments which was used by their ancestors. This form of treatment, which is referred to as ethno medicine is sometimes the only kind of health care available to the rural populations. As part of the efforts to ascertain the healing capability credited to Moringa oleifera by the general public and some traditional practitioners, this work aimed at determining the antibacterial potentials and phyto-chemical constituents of M. oleifera was embarked on. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of fresh and dried leaf of Moringa oleifera (FMLE, FMLDW and DMLE, DMLDW) were obtained using a standard method (1). The antibacterial efficacy of aqueous and ethanol extracts of fresh and dried leaves of Moringa oleifera was tested against Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi, isolated from wound and feaces respectively, to ascertain its effectiveness in the treatment of wound infection and typhoid fever using Agar diffusion by punch method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and phyto-chemistry of the extracts were also evaluated. The mean values of zones of inhibition obtained were statistically analyzed using ANOVA. The least significant difference was determined according to LSD test at P ≤ 0.05. Results obtained showed that FMLE at 500mg/ml has the highest zone of inhibition of 22.00b against S. aureus, E. coli and lowest 15.00b against S.typhi, compared with DMLE with the highest zone of inhibition of 20.00b against S. pyogenes and lowest of 10.00b against S. aureus. FMLDW presented the highest inhibitory activity 28.00b against S. pyogenes and no activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa while DMLDW recorded 20.00b P. earuginosa and 10.00b against S. pyogenes. Both the aqueous and the ethanol extracts of Moringa oleifera leave exhibited appreciable level of inhibition against the test bacteria, but the aqueous extracts were not as effective as the ethanolic extracts. Phyto-chemical analysis of aqueous and ethanol extracts of fresh and dried leaf of Moringa oleifera revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids and tannins. The findings from this work could be of interest and suggest the need for further investigations in terms of toxicological studies and purification of active components with a view to using the plant in novel drug development.
Keywords: Aqueous, Ethanol Extracts, Moringa oliefera, Pathogenic Bacteria, Toxicology., leaves, phytochemicals
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF ANNONA MURICATA LEAVES (Published)
Proximate composition and phytochemical analyses were carried out on the leaves of Annona muricata using standard methods. The result of the proximate composition showed that the leaves contained 88.99% dry matter, 11.01% moisture, 25% crude protein, 14.96% ash, 22.20% crude fiber, 21.22 % fat and 16.62% carbohydrate contents. The phytochemicals detected in the ethanolic leaf extracts were flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycoside, tannins, triterpenoid, saponin and reducing sugar. The findings indicate that Annona muricata leaves is a potential source of highly nutritious feed stuff and phytomedicine. They are of nutritional, clinical and veterinary relevance considering the diverse ethnopharmacological uses of the plant in different parts of the world
Keywords: Annona muricata, Ethanol, Proximate, leaves, phytochemicals