Gender Differences in Pain Perception and Management among Postoperative Patients in Tertiary Hospitals in Osun State, Nigeria: A Mixed-Methods Study (Published)
Understanding gender differences in postoperative pain may improve nursing care. The study investigated gender differences in pain perception and management among postoperative patients in tertiary hospitals in Osun State, Nigeria. A Sequential mixed-methods design was used. A survey of 310 patients (125 male, 185 female) across three tertiary hospitals measured pain using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours, as well as pain management satisfaction. Ten patients (6 male, 4 female) completed phenomenological interviews. Analysis used repeated-measures ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test, and thematic analysis. Results showed that females reported higher pain than males during the first 24 hours (p<0.001). Satisfaction did not differ by gender (p=0.445). Female patients communicated pain non-verbally; anxiety and religious framing shaped coping; non-pharmacological strategies were underused. Nurses should do scheduled pain assessments, recognise gendered communication, and teach non-pharmacological strategies.
Keywords: Gender differences, pain management., pain perception, postoperative pain
Facial Plastic Surgery and Profiloplasty: Contemporary Approaches to Office-Based Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Patient Safety (Published)
The increasing demand for minimally invasive and office-based facial plastic surgery procedures has transformed contemporary aesthetic and reconstructive practice. Advances in local anesthetic techniques, sedation protocols, and patient comfort measures have enabled a growing number of procedures to be safely performed outside the traditional operating room environment. This shift offers advantages, including reduced healthcare costs, improved patient convenience, and decreased utilization of hospital resources. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current anesthetic approaches used in office-based facial plastic surgery, with particular emphasis on local anesthesia, topical anesthetic agents, patient comfort strategies, and safety considerations. A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Relevant articles were identified using combinations of the following keywords: anesthesia, office-based procedures, local anesthesia, facial plastic surgery,profiloplasty,oral sedation, moderate sedation, and deep sedation. Studies addressing anesthetic techniques, patient safety, pain management, and perioperative outcomes in facial plastic procedures were included. Current evidence indicates that a wide range of facial plastic surgery procedures, including Mohs reconstruction, cutaneous excisions, blepharoplasty, and facial rejuvenation interventions, can be successfully performed under local anesthesia with or without adjunctive sedation. Non-pharmacological approaches such as cooling devices, distraction techniques, and vibratory stimulation have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing procedural discomfort. Topical and infiltrative local anesthetics remain the cornerstone of office-based anesthesia, while careful patient selection and adherence to safety protocols are essential to minimize complications. Office-based facial plastic surgery represents a safe and effective alternative to hospital-based procedures when appropriate anesthetic strategies are employed. The integration of pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain management techniques enhances patient comfort, improves procedural outcomes, and supports the continued expansion of office-based surgical practice.
Keywords: : Facial plastic surgery, local anesthesia, office-based procedures, pain management., patient comfort, profiloplasty, sedation, topical anesthetics