Climate change poses significant threats to agricultural productivity and rural livelihoods, particularly in developing countries such as Nigeria where agriculture remains a major source of income and food security. In Oyo State, increasing variability in rainfall patterns, rising temperatures, and frequent extreme weather events have intensified the vulnerability of smallholder farmers. In response to these challenges, Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) has emerged as a sustainable approach aimed at enhancing productivity, building resilience, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The study therefore examined the roles of extension services in promoting climate smart agriculture in Oyo state Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used in selecting 90 respondents for this study. Data were collected with the aid of a well-structured interview schedule while ordered probit regression was used to test the hypothesis. The study concluded that improved technologies and improved seeds were the major roles of extension services to promoting climate smart technologies in the study area. It was recommended that stakeholders such as Government, Non-Governmental organization, and individuals involved in agriculture should make policies that will enhance adequate support to promote, access, and afford inputs needed for the promoting climate smart agriculture practices among farmers in the study area.
Keywords: Agriculture, Climate, Extension services, Roles, smart agriculture
