Providing Adequate and Affordable Housing: A Pathway to Addressing Kogi State’s Housing Deficit (Published)
Kogi State faces a housing problem that is not only quantitative but also one of affordability, land, finance, infrastructure and delivery capacity. Local studies indicate rising housing demand and building-material costs in Lokoja, a weak link between housing policy and low- income households, and a long record of housing announcements that outpace completed, occupied schemes. Federal and state announcements since 2025, including a state memorandum of understanding for 228 semi-detached houses and federal Renewed Hope estates, make a clear delivery framework timely. This conceptual, desk-based paper argues that the deficit cannot be closed by building houses alone. Drawing on Turner’s housing-by-people thesis, Stone’s residual-income view of affordability, Nigerian housing scholarship and Sustainable Development Goal 11.1, it proposes the Kogi Affordable Housing Delivery Framework (KAHDF). The framework has six pillars (affordable land, affordable finance, affordable construction, appropriate design, enabling infrastructure and accountable governance), a four-question affordability screening test, measurable indicators for each pillar, and a phased implementation pathway. The paper concludes that architects and other built-environment professionals should take an active part in housing policy, community development and evaluation, and it identifies the empirical work needed to test the framework.
Keywords: Affordable Housing, Kogi State, housing deficit, housing finance, sustainable housing
Significant Demographic Factors Fuelling Housing Deficit in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria (Published)
This article assesses the significant demographic factors fuelling housing deficit in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Using a mixed method approach as survey design coupled with a combination of purposive and stratified sampling technique, 1254 households were selected for administration of questionnaires during data collection process. Questionnaires, interviews were the major instruments of data collection from seven residential development corridors (RDCs) in Ado-Ekiti. Ministries, Agencies and Departments (MDAs) supported secondary data. Findings revealed that high population growth, rapid urbanisation and migration increased housing deficit in the study area. Hence, this study observed an increase in live births (162, 901) than deaths (45, 046) in Ado-Ekiti. Also, findings revealed an increase in building concentration (57.7%) from 2000-date. Similarly, this study observed an increase in challenges such as urban sprawl and infrastructure deficiency (L-INFRA) encountered as a result of rapid urbanisation. The study noted an increase in quantitative housing deficit (223,086) in 2023. Thus, a quantitative housing deficit of 334,554 housing units would arise in 2034.Furthermore, sharing of dwellings with other households (SHAD), a resultant effect of high migration trends constituted 43.4 percent across the RDCs in Ado-Ekiti. Also, improved infrastructural facilities (33.8%) was the modal reason for staying (RESTAY) in the study area. Using Paired T-test, this study further validated that a perfect positive relationship (1.000) exists between population growth and housing deficit in Ado-Ekiti. Therefore, this study recommends adoption of effective Family Planning Methods (FPMs), regional distribution of infrastructural facilities and conversion of under-utilised lands for an efficient housing delivery in Ado-Ekiti.
Keywords: Demographic Factors, Housing, Housing Supply, housing deficit, housing demand