Investigating the Effect of Gamma-Ray Burst on the Agricultural Soil Temperature (Published)
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are immensely energetic explosions that have been observed in distant galaxies. This signatures from distant stars helps in carrying out spatial mapping of physical parameters related to soil properties, such as soil temperature. In investigating the effect of gamma-ray burst on the agricultural soil temperature, we used gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) data collected for some period of time to carry out some estimations. Linear regression analysis was carried out using the soil temperature and the GRBs arrival time, . There is an exponential relationship between temperature and time as the soil is heated. This depicts an exponential curve that was fitted into a line; and the slope at any point on the line gives the rate of cooling, which is a determining factor for the time it takes for the soil to adjust between its high and low temperature. The thermal flux which relates to soil temperature is expected to decay at late times. The cooling rate reflects the degree of fall of temperature with time; and the higher the cooling rate, the shorter the time it takes for the soil to readjust its temperature between the upper and the lower ranges of thermal states. Thus, the role of gamma-ray bursts in the management of agro-ecosystem is now becoming a reality.
Keywords: Thermal flux, gamma ray burst, soil temperature
The Universe: Search for Neutrino on Earth (Published)
The Universe is so wide and big search Neutrino in earth is so difficult task, Astronomy play Vital role to search Neutrino instead looking up into deep sky, search photon in deep space under water. Neutrino are nearly mass less particle that interact with very weak with matter. The detection of neutrino emitted by sun and nearby supernova. Solar neutrino provides new information about fundamental properties of matter. Our planet is bombarded with trillion of particles, from Space from all direction called “Cosmic Rays”. The cosmic rays are made of tiny ‘elementary” particles such as photon, He, Neutrinos, Hydrogen and atomic nuclei have wide range of energies. Cosmic rays high energies suggest that they must be produced in the most energetic processes in the universe. As the cosmic rays particles have net electric charges they get deflected due to presence of geomagnetic fields during their travel and therefore do not travel in straight line. Cosmic rays particles can interact with matter and radiates at the sources to produced extremely particles called neutrino. Gamma rays radio Bursts of Electromagnetic energy in the form of gamma rays are the absolute, most energetic sources of energy known in the universe. The amount of energy that gamma ray bursts puts out in a few seconds is more than the Sun. every will in its entire life time. The neutrino, a fundamental elementary particle of nature, was born out of necessity to keep the conversation of energy principle. In observed alpha,beta,and gamma decay. Although neutrinos are mot massless like photon of light, they have very special property. Neutrino are omnipresent in nature pass through every square centimeter of bodies without ever notice. Neutrino originate from events in the Universe such as Colliding of Black Holes, Gamma Ray Bursts from exploding stars and or violent event at core of distant Galaxies. A high energy of particles neutrino transform in to its particles lepton(electron,muon,or tauon).most accelerated Neutrino beam can also called muons , and few can create tauons. A detector which distinguished among these leptons can reveal the flavor of neutrino incident to charged particle current interaction because interaction involves the exchange of Boson the ‘target’ particle also change(e.g. neutron-proton). Neutrinos detectors is a physics apparatus which is deigned to study neutrinos, because neutrinos only weakly interact with other particles of matter, neutrino detector must very large to detect significant number of neutrinos. Confirmed extraterrestrial sources such as Sun, Super Nova1987A, with discovery of High energy Solar Neutrino Flux in the range of 0.1 PeV to PeV range. Ice Cube detector, Neutrino Astronomy play Vital role in exploration of High energy Universe.
Keywords: Cr, gamma ray burst, high energy neutrino, neutrino astronomy