Treated wastewater for meeting challenges of climate change in arid regions (Published)
This paper focuses on treated wastewater in addressing the impacts of climate change on water sources, especially in arid and semi-arid regions that suffer anyway from water scarcity. Jordan with its severe water situation is expected to be defenseless to climate change effects taking into account the unbalance between available water resources and urgent demands. The paper helps in assessing treated wastewater as an effective adaptation measure to cope with water scarcity in Jordan and to consider it as an integral part of the national water budget. Wastewater is a promising alternative to cover the shortage in water supply in regions where severe drought is an anticipated effect of climate change, also to provide water of good quality to secure drinking water for the population, at the same time to increase the efficiency of the uses of the available water sources. Jordan has 36 wastewater treatment plants in operation scattered throughout the country and producing about 430,000 CM/day of reclaimed wastewater. According to the reports Ministry of Water and Irrigation, more than 85 percent of this water is of in full compliance to the quality required for irrigation of field crops and forest trees according to JS 893/2006.
Keywords: Water Resources, arid and semi-arid regions., climate change challenges, treated wastewater
A Visibility Study for Choosing the Dug Wells Alternative versus Deep Wells for Water Supply (Published)
While access to water remains an essential issue in arid and semi-arid regions, aquifers have the potential to help millions of people out of a reliable source of water. Boreholes are increasingly advocated as a safe and cost-effective substitute to mechanized drilling, as well as to traditional excavation methods. The main target of the present study is to evaluate and locate the possibilities of water resources occurrence in the proposed area, indicate whether to use a deep well or a shallow dug well. The study consists of three steps; the first step was drilling the dug well after data collection and allocates the suitable well location. The second step included a pumping test for the productive well lies at Nabq- Sharm El-Sheikh – South Sinai with a depth of 114 meters which was done. The third step included a water quality monitoring for the well, as the samples was taken each 12 hours for 3 days from the existing well. It is concluded that for the presented model of using large diameter wells instead of small diameter wells has shown insignificant improvement in the well yield in the study area. For the well under consideration, it is recommended to operate this well for a pumping rate of 50 m3/hr (for 24 hours per day) to maintain the long-term drawdown at 3 meters in addition to the well losses which is less than 0.5 meter.
Keywords: Deep Well, Development Area., Hydrogeology Study, Pumping Test, Water Quality, Water Resources