Evaluation of Hand Hygiene Facilities and Compliance of Healthcare Workers at The University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Ondo (Published)
Hand Hygiene (HH) is the leading measure for preventing the spread of pathogens and reducing health care associated infections, health care providers’ adherence to recommended practices remains suboptimal in most settings, and maintaining its standards is difficult to sustain. However, Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) remain the most common adverse event in healthcare, resulting in a significant burden on patients, their families, and health care systems. This study examines evaluation of hand hygiene facilities and compliance of health care workers at the University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Ondo. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that was made up of 324 participants. Multi-stage sampling technique was used for the selection of participants. Self-administered questionnaire and observational checklists were used as tools for data collection. The reliability value of the questionnaire eliciting responses on self-reported compliance to hand hygiene technique techniques ranges from 0.703 to 0.764. Data were analysed using SPSS version 27. Inferential statistics of Chi Square was used test the hypothesis generated at 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed that none of the wards met the standard for hand hygiene facilities set by the WHO. 83.3% of the units had no poster or written policy on HH; 87% did not have alcohol-based hand rubs; 100% had at least one handwash sink; 100% had flowing tap water all day; and 100% had no hand drying facilities. Assessment of self-reported hand hygiene compliance showed that 86.42% of the respondents have good compliance to hand washing technique guideline with a mean score is 23.72 of 27 (87.85%) and 90.1% of the respondents have good compliance to hand hygiene using alcohol-based hand rub technique with a mean score is 19.68 of 21 (93.71%). A total of 1,016 hand hygiene opportunities were observed during the three-week period with an overall compliance rate of 29.9%. The compliance rate among nurses (31.2%) is higher than among doctors (21.8%). In recorded hand hygiene actions, hand washing is used slightly more frequently than alcohol-based hand rubs. The use of gloves is a major reason for missed opportunities in hand hygiene, responsible for 39.3% of missed opportunities.The study concluded that the availability of hand hygiene facilities and HCWs compliance at the University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Ondo is poor. The study also confirmed that while the self-reported hand hygiene compliance is high, the observed compliance with hand hygiene techniques is low. Specific measures such as improved facilities, training and monitoring are needed to improve HH compliance.
Keywords: Compliance, Evaluation, Facility, hand hygiene, health care worker
Evaluation of Perceived Causes of Puerperal Psychosis Among Post Cesarean Section Patients in General Hospital, Wushishi, Niger State,Nigeria (Published)
Background: Puerperal psychosis is a rare psychiatric emergency in which symptoms of high mood and racing thoughts, depression, severe confusion, loss of inhibition, paranoia, hallucinations and delusions set in, beginning suddenly in the first two weeks after childbirth. For the fact that majority of pregnant women perceived Cesarean section as a complicated birth option, various complications attached to the Post Cesarean section have proven that, there is need for special attention on caesarean section option. Methodology : A descriptive survey research design was employed. A total of 38 respondents were selected using judgmental and convenience sampling techniques due to the busy schedule of these health practitioners after determining the sample size using the Okpanachi (2011) restructured Yemane (1967) sampling model. Data were collected using self structured questionnaire that was pilot tested with the Cronbach Alpha of 0.78. Data collected were analyzed with SPSS software using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The study revealed that the incidence of Puerperal psychosis among Post Cesarean section patient was very high, Knowledge of Respondents on Puerperal psychosis was also high, the identified causes of Puerperal psychosis among Post Cesarean section patient include, history of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, prior episode of postpartum psychosis, or a family history of postpartum psychosis, Mutations in chromosome and in specific genes involved in serotoninergic, hormonal, and inflammatory pathways, giving birth for the first time, Depression or anxiety during pregnancy, stressful recent life events, poor social support and a previous history of depression. the identified Management strategies employed towards control of Puerperal psychosis among Post Cesarean section patient include, Psycho-education and psychotherapy, Pharmacotherapy, Lithium Treatment and Prophylaxis, Antiepileptic drugs (AED). However, Electroconvulsive Therapy and Breastfeeding of baby are alternative methods often used to manage Puerperal psychosis. Conclusion: It was concluded that family care and financial status of family were also very good predictor of Puerperal psychosis, thus Management of Health facilities should intensify the need for self financial assessment before planning on having babies.
Keywords: Evaluation, General Hospital, Patients, Perceived Causes, Post Ceasarean Section, Puerperal Psychosis