Economic History of Dale District since 1941 to 1991, Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia (Published)
The major goal of this study is to reconstruct the economic history of Dale District, 1941-1991. To achieve this goal, an attempt was made to collect qualitative data source from local elders, officer and archives of the administration office. The written documents which have relation with the study also examined and cross checked. The Dale District practices different economic activities like Agriculture which is based on cereal crop farming and cash crop farming. Coffee is mainly grown under the shade of tree (shade or forest coffee), either within forest or forest like environments, or in farming systems that in corporate specific shade plants usually indigenous (native) trees, time fruit trees and other crop plants. The high profitability of chat has also motivated farmers to hire labor for chat production in the district. Other economic activities like animal husbandry, hand craft technology and trade are common in the District. However agriculture was based on traditional farming system. The infrastructural development in dale District is a recent phenomenon. Un proportional service facilities and infrastructures compared with the high number of population found in the District. The main basic infrastructure like road, school, health centers, electric service, water supply has been established in the District before three decades but did not showed rapid economic development in the District.
Keywords: Dale Wereda, Development, Economy, Infrastructure, history
Logic and Critical Thinking: The Missing Link in Higher Education in Nigeria (Published)
Sustainable development and good living condition in the modern world are determined by people who possess more than normal reasoning abilities. The present Nigerian socio-political, economic and technological dilemma therefore results from the redundancy of mind paved by gross deficiency in logic and critical thinking competencies. This deficiency broadly stems from Nigerian poor educational system which has neglected acquisition of reflective and critical reasoning skills in theoretical and practical terms. This hampers critical competence, and results to irrational judgments, biased policies and dishonest governance. Consequently, problem solving and critical competence in various sectors of Nigerian existence have remained a mirage resulting to unsustainable development. This paper analytically investigates the meaning, cradle, essence, relevance and state of logic and critical thinking in Nigerian higher education and existence. The research finds that logic and critical thinking has been negligently relegated to one of those optional General Studies’ courses rarely needed to make up the required credit load. As such, not every department of education in Nigeria offers logic and critical thinking. This is coupled with the fact that in some Nigerian Higher Institutions, logic and critical thinking is managed by unqualified staff. The paper as well finds that knowledge of logic and critical thinking is indispensable in the daily human expressions, decisions, right choices and actions. For deficiency in reasoning skills paves way for errors, deceptions, violence and false democracy. The paper concludes that for Nigeria to initiate and sustain true democracy and development, logic and critical thinking should be centrally paramount in her education system because of its quality of impacting critical reasoning skills and competency in the students and citizenry.
Keywords: Critical, Development, Education, Logic, Study, thinking
Inauthenticity in Development: A Philosophical Study of Nigerian Unsustainable Development (Published)
Every sustainable development rests on the indigenous valuable industries and institutions. It is these industries and institutions that foster indigenous productions and export of goods and services. These industries and institutions are products of indigenous scientific knowledge, theorem and technology which are authentic basis of sustainable development. Thus, inconsistency with the indigenous traditional scientific and technological feats amounts to inauthentic and unsustainable development which is the trouble with Nigeria. Hence, 57 seven years after independence, Nigerian is still laden with poor achievements, consumerism and collapse of public institutions and structures. Such unsustainable development has in recent time enhanced unemployment, poverty, hardship, death, agitation, militancy and instability. Against this backdrop, this paper analytically examines the rationale behind Nigerian unsustainable development, its philosophical foundation and implications. It as well proffers axiological solutions to the incessant inauthentic and unsustainable development in Nigeria. The research however finds that inauthentic development is Nigerian conspicuous predicament and the bedrock of her unsustainable development. This is as most areas of her development do not derive from her cultural values, productions and services. Worst still, most incorporated foreign feats do not also cohere with her indigenous autochthonous nature and personhood. The paper therefore concludes that indigenous environment and culture provide people with a base for development as well as valuable materials that can sustainably be developed. As such, sustainable development can only occur when it is built from and on the existent traditional values, needs, productions, services and materials.
Keywords: Development, Inauthenticity, Philosophical, Unsustainable