The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) weakens the immune system, leaving individuals increasingly vulnerable to opportunistic infections. This study assessed compliance with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among patients at selected hospitals in Ibadan, Oyo State. A structured questionnaire was administered, and its reliability was confirmed using a test-retest method, yielding a coefficient of 0.850. Data were analysed using SPSS version 22, employing descriptive statistics and regression analysis to test the study hypotheses. Findings revealed that 63.9% of respondents exhibited high adherence to HAART, reflecting positive treatment outcomes. However, 37.1% reported difficulty in taking their medication at the same time daily, and 44.3% indicated that stigma and discrimination influenced their willingness to adhere to treatment. One-way ANOVA results showed no statistically significant differences in adherence levels based on education (F = .488, p = .691) and age (F = .382, p = .766). The study concluded that age, gender, education level, and duration on HAART influence adherence patterns, highlighting the need for patient-centred interventions. High overall adherence rates were observed, yet challenges related to psychosocial factors persist. It is recommended that the government establish support groups and counselling services to address emotional and social barriers such as stigma and hopelessness. These initiatives could foster a supportive environment where patients can share experiences, receive peer encouragement, and access professional guidance to enhance sustained adherence to HAART.
Keywords: Assessment, Compliance, Patients, anti-retroviral therapy, highly active
