To What Extent Does the Role of Mitochondria Affect the Life and Death of Human Skin Cells? (Published)
Mitochondria are thought to be one of the most vital organelles in cellular metabolism. One key function of mitochondria is to generate the energy currency of the cell, however, there are several other ways in which mitochondria are critical to cellular survival. The objective of this article is to investigate to what extent the role of mitochondria affects the life and death of human skin cells. In terms of the methodology, the study will be carried out using qualitative research to exhibit the substantial role of mitochondria through release of free radicals, mitochondrial DNA, apoptosis and use of anti-ageing reagents. Further research could be conducted to examine the impacts of exercise, diet and environment on mitochondrial function
Keywords: Apoptosis, anti-ageing, free radicals, mitochondria, mitochondrial DNA
Protective Effect of Garlic Oil Alone or Combined With Low-Dose Gamma Irradiation on Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats (Published)
We investigated the effect of garlic oil (GO), alone or combined with low dose total body gamma (γ)-irradiation (LDR) against paracetamol (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. GO (100 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 14 days before hepatotoxicity induction. Animals were irradiated 2 hours before hepatotoxicity induction by peroral APAP (1g/kg) administration, then animals were sacrificed 24 hours later. GO, alone or combined with LDR, ameliorated APAP-induced adverse effects as revealed by the reduction of serum liver marker enzymes activities and the histological examination. Hepatic microsomal cytochrome P2E1 activity was also reduced. Changes in hepatic redox balance were significantly attenuated by both treatments. Hepatic hydrogen peroxide was only reduced by LDR. APAP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic effect were also reversed. GO and/or LDR pretreatment, effectively protected against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Thus, the hepatoprotective effect of GO alone or combined with LDR could be of value in the protective management of APAP-induced hepatic damage.
Keywords: Apoptosis, Garlic, Hepatotoxicity, Low Dose (Γ)-Radiation, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative stress