While Poor and Lower Income Taxpayers are Forced to Subsidize the Lifestyle of Well-To-Do Elites, Evidence in the Current Research Suggested no Reliable Data have ever Existed for Scientific Analysis that Suggested Pollution or Manmade Contribution to Climate Change: Presenting Eddison Walters Climate Change Research Deception and Misinformation Theory (Published)
There is no debate the climate on earth is changing but research conducted by Walters and Djokic (2022) presented evidence that established, studies that attribute pollution or manmade cause and effect in climate change research are based on junk science. The study presented evidence that suggested, scientific data analysis linking manmade causes or pollution to climate change does not exist. Walters and Djokic Quantitative Analysis Factor Distortion Theory expanded Eddison Walters Modern Economic Analysis Theory which was developed by Walters (2020A) and was expanded by Walters and Djokic (2022). Walters and Djokic Quantitative Analysis Factor Distortion Theory which was explained in Walters and Djokic (2022) resulted in proposed changes by the researchers to restore the reliability and creditability of data analysis in scientific research. The researchers called for the implementation of changes to American Psychological Association (APA) standards aimed at avoiding junk science such as research that incorrectly links pollution or manmade causes to climate change without scientific evidence based on scientific data analysis from being accepted into the body of literature as scientific research (Walters, 2020: Walters, 2021; Walters & Djokic, 2022). The foundation of Walters and Djokic Quantitative Analysis Factor Distortion Theory is grounded in the principle, of “all else being equal”, which has been a long-established principle for the scientific analysis of data to ensure unknown factors do not distort the results of data analysis. The current study applied the principles of Walter and Djokic Quantitative Analysis Factor Distortion Theory for evaluating the creditability of directing taxpayer resources to green energy policies aimed and reversing climate change. The current study also considered what segment of the population benefits the most from green energy policies and what segment of the population shoulders the cost burden. The current study considered the opportunity cost of allocating taxpayer resources to implement green energy policy by considering challenges facing American taxpayers where the results of investments have quantifiable scientific measurements for successful implementation rather than committing resources to implement green energy policy with no quantifiable scientific measurements for successful implementation.
Keywords: Credit to Private Sector, Educational Investment, Unemployment, government recurrent expenditure, labour force participation rate
Educational Investment and Unemployment in Nigeria (Published)
Education is a fundamental human right and is essential for the development and progress of any nation. It is a general belief that educated individuals fare better in the labour market than the less educated. This study empirically examines investment and expenditures in education, and its influence on unemployment rate in Nigeria from 1991 to 2021. Unit root test, ARDL approach, bound test, Breusch Godfrey serial correlation LM test and the CUSUM test were employed. Unemployment rate (UER) was used as the dependent variable while Federal government recurrent expenditure (GEE), credit to private sector (CPS), average of school enrollment rate (ASE) as proxy for literacy rate, labour force participation rate (LFP) and gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) as the independent variables. Findings revealed that apart from UEM that is stationary at the level, the other variables are stationary at first difference given the 5% level of significance. Labour force participation rate is statistically significant. There is an insignificant positive relationship between government recurrent expenditure on education and unemployment rate in the long -run. On the other hand, credit to private sector, school enrolment rate, and gross fixed capital formation all conform to their a priori expectations, but are insignificant, i.e., statistically indifferent from zero. The study recommended among others that an actionable and working fiscal policy in the educational sector should be established and government should improve on the quality of institutions through better teacher training, investment in educational research development, and the establishment of vocational training centers that provide practical skills to students.
Keywords: Credit to Private Sector, Educational Investment, Unemployment, government recurrent expenditure, labour force participation rate