Impact of Brewery Effluent Discharge into Niger River: A Case Study of Interfact Brewery Plc Onitsha Anambra State, Nigeria (Published)
In this study, effluent discharged from brewery was collected to assess its impact on the water quality of Niger River, Onitsha. The values of the effluent discharge from brewery were compared with values recorded for its receiving river. Parameters investigated include total suspended solid (TSS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BODs), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), pH, Temperature, conductivity and Dissolved Oxygen (Do). ANOVA test was used for the analyses of these parameters, with the exception of the pH, all the parameters measured from the brewery effluent site as well as in the river indicated higher levels than those permitted by the Nigerian industrial standard and WHO. The study revealed that effluent from the wastes treatment plant has higher BODs (142 Mg/L) and COD (400Mg/L) than those of receiving river (88.6 Mg/L and 198.22 Mg/L means) respectively. The indicators of all pollutions exceed the WHO and Nigeria industrial standard recommendations. It is therefore, being recommended that the brewery authorities as well as the Nigerian industrial standard must ensure that the brewery effluents meet quality standards. This action is urgently warranted as high level pollution of the industrial effluents cause environmental problems which will affect plants, animals and human lives.
Keywords: Impact, Interfact PLC, Niger River, Onitsha, brewery effluent, discharge
Impact of Evolving Construction Project Management Techniques for Proper Project Delivery: Review on Constructability Review, Lean Construction (Lc) and Value Engineering (Ve) Techniques (Published)
Throughout the existence of construction industry especially starting in the period of industrial revolution, there have been many developments of different construction techniques that can help the industry to reach success. Formed models but with unmet realities; unsuccessful timely delivery of the projects, out of projected budgets and intended quality are leading factors that still push industry players to seek the change in construction sector worldwide. In other words past experiences of failure of existing construction management tools have evidenced the search of the improved construction concepts that leads to industry success hence customers’ satisfaction. One the other side, among different construction concepts developed in a way of enhancing the industry; include lean construction, constructability review and value engineering. Both latter tools focus on the use of knowledge management to assessing inputs ahead of production process so to successfully achieve the stated outputs. By that, they provide a good consideration for construction sector as significant and impactful principles for proper project delivery. This review article aims to study the importance of evolving construction project management techniques namely lean construction, constructability review and value engineering in the construction industry particularly on construction projects delivery; as well as to assess their current practice and impact.
Keywords: Constructability review, Evolving construction project management techniques, Impact, Lean construction, Proper project delivery, Value engineering